Describe what happened at Lucknow in 1916.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can be awarded for a developed statement. Candidates might refer to:
2. [1] Congress agreed to concessions with Muslim League – right to separate electorates, 1/3 of seats in Councils
3. [1] Both wanted more seats in Councils, protection of minorities, provinces to have autonomy, proposals to be binding on British
4. [1] First time joint agreement, Congress accepted some form of partition needed, Home Rule seemed a possibility and Muslim League realised they needed to work with Congress.
5. LEVEL 1: [1] Simple statement
6. [1] Because of WW1
7. LEVEL 2: [2-4] Identifies reasons
8. [2-4] The Muslims thought Turkey would be split up
9. LEVEL 3: [5-7] Explains reasons
10. [1] Muslims held the Caliphate of Turkey in high regard and were not prepared to see Turkey split up after the war.
11. [1] They expressed their views to the British government during the war who promised that no harm would be done to the Caliphate.
12. [1] After the war ended, reports from Europe suggested the British and French wanted to punish the Turks for their support of the Germans.
13. [1] As a result, the Khilafat Movement was founded.
14. LEVEL 1: [1-2] Simple statement
15. [1-2] The partition caused resentment amongst the Hindus
16. LEVEL 2: [3-6] Identifies reasons for partition
17. LEVEL 3: [7-10] Explains the partition of Bengal reason OR other reasons
18. LEVEL 4: [9-13] Explains the partition of Bengal reason AND other reasons
19. Partition of Bengal
20. [1] Hindus protested against the partition of Bengal - Muslims saw this as a sign of the influence the Hindus had over the British
21. [1] The Muslims started to think about their own survival and political representation
22. [1] Muslims were also increasingly aware that their political rights would not be advanced if they continued to rely on the Indian National Congress
23. [1] By not organising a Muslim group they would continue to be disorganised and disunited over the partition.
24. Other reasons
25. [1] The growth of a better understanding between the British and Muslims that was reflected in the Simla Declaration in 1905
26. [1] In 1905, a new Liberal government had taken office that seemed likely to make changes in political representation, so Muslims felt that they needed their own political party
27. [1] The Congress was seen as an organisation which would only advance Hindu views as it demanded that India should be treated as a cultural and political whole and Hindi should be declared the official language
28. [1] They did not feel they had the same influence as Congress with the British
29. [1] The growth of extreme Hindu nationalist groups which demanded that Muslims be forcibly converted to Hinduism.
30. LEVEL 5: [14] As Level 4 – also produces a judgement or evaluation