Question 5

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1-2] 1966 joint China-Pakistan project to construct an 800 mile highway, opened in 1978.
2. [1-2] Known as the Friendship Highway in China.
3. [1-2] Financed with Chinese money and built by its engineers.
4. [1-2] Very difficult and dangerous road to build and claimed many lives.
5. [1-2] Follows the Silk Road route from China.
6. [1] LEVEL 1: Simplistic answer.
7. [1] She was unpopular.
8. [2-4] LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons.
9. [2-4] There were allegations of corruption.
10. [5-7] LEVEL 3: Explains reasons.
11. [5-7] Opposition from Nawaz Sharif tried to undermine her government with some success, organising strikes, marches and critical speeches.
12. [5-7] Opposition increased when these leaders were arrested.
13. [5-7] Family feuds over control of the PPP also highlighted the problems she faced especially as these were well publicised.
14. [5-7] The killing of her brother Mir Murtaza in a police ambush raised suspicions of government involvement especially when none of the police involved were arrested and some were promoted.
15. [5-7] Her husband Asif Ali Zardari was accused of receiving money from government deals and being involved in political murders and although the allegations were never proved, the inference was that the government was tarred with corruption.
16. [1-2] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement.
17. [1-2] They haven't been successful.
18. [3-6] LEVEL 2: Identifies/describes the issues/success/failure.
19. [3-6] The Kashmir issue became a problem on partition because it had a Hindu ruler of a population which was mainly Muslim.
20. [7-10] LEVEL 3: Explains successes OR failures.
21. [9-13] LEVEL 4: Explains both.
22. [9-13] Successes: A cease-fire was arranged in January 1948 leaving Kashmir divided between India and Pakistan. From 1949 an official cease-fire line was agreed between India and Pakistan and was to be patrolled by UN troops. Pakistan kept up pressure on India by appealing to the UN whenever Indian moves tried to integrate Indian-occupied Kashmir into India. In 1957 the UN reconfirmed that Kashmir was a disputed territory and that a final solution should be settled by a UN supervised plebiscite. India promised to hold a plebiscite in Kashmir to determine its future.
23. [14] LEVEL 5: As Level 4 – also produces a judgement or evaluation.
24. [14] Failures: War has broken out on at least 2 occasions between the 2 countries. Plebiscite still not been held. In 1987 elections were rigged by India in an attempt to show popular support for its occupation. 1999 Kargil crisis brings threat of nuclear war between the 2 sides. Continues to be a source of conflict between the two nations.