This question is about Congress Rule in India between 1937 and 1939. Study the sources (Insert) carefully and then answer the questions which follow.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1-3] (a) Level 1: Relevant statement(s) identified from the source (One mark for each relevant statement identified from the source, two marks for a developed statement from the source) e.g. To give thanks; To celebrate; To observe a Day of Deliverance nationally; To hold prayer meetings in local communities; To hold non-violent, calm meetings; To be respectful of other communities; To make Congress High Command the focus of their actions.
2. [4-5] (b) Level 3 Inference(s) supported by detail from the source and/or contextual knowledge (Four marks for one supported valid inference, five marks for two or more supported valid inferences) e.g. It looks as if education was important to Gandhi in the photograph because he is studying quietly / reading a book; Spinning and handicrafts / were important to Gandhi because there is a spinning wheel in the photograph; Practical / traditional education was important to Gandhi because he wanted spinning on the curriculum; It shows that Gandhi supported the Wardha Scheme because there is a spinning wheel in the photograph and the Wardha Scheme emphasised practical handicrafts. | [2-3] Level 2: Unsupported inference(s) (Two marks for one unsupported inference, three marks for two or more unsupported inferences) e.g. The photograph shows that education was important to Gandhi; Spinning and handicrafts / practical / traditional education were important to Gandhi; The photograph shows that Gandhi supported the Wardha Scheme. | [1] Level 1: Identify surface features from the source (One mark for any identified surface feature) e.g. The photograph shows Gandhi sitting on the floor; Gandhi is reading a book; There is a spinning wheel in the photograph.
3. [5-7] (c) Level 3: Explains method(s) (Five marks for one explanation, six marks for two explanations, seven marks for three explanations) e.g. Jinnah persuaded the Muslim League that it needed to build up support from the grass roots as in the elections victory had come from local branches of the party established before 1937; Jinnah persuaded the party to be more egalitarian and began to mobilise the Muslim community and make the League more attractive to so that they would support it / take part in its activities; Jinnah persuaded the chief ministers of Assam, Bengal and Punjab to join the party and as a result by 1938 membership of the League rapidly increased; Jinnah repeatedly warned the Muslim community that they must organise themselves to resist Congress' idea to establish Hindustan in the subcontinent. | [2-4] Level 2: Identifies method(s) (One mark for each identification) e.g. the Muslim League needed to build up support in local areas; Jinnah made the League more accessible to all Muslim groups; Jinnah increased the membership of the party. | [1] Level 1: Simple statement (One mark for any simple statement) e.g. Jinnah made speeches and met people.
4. [10] (d) Level 5: Explains and makes judgement / evaluation (As top of Level 4 plus judgement / evaluation). | [6-9] Level 4: Explains reasons for success AND less success (Two explanations, one on success and one on less success, are worth six or seven marks. Additional explanations on the same two reasons cannot be awarded more than eight marks. Explanation of all reasons is worth nine marks) e.g. Success For Muslim community / Muslim League: First major election fought which helped to unify the Muslim League; Saw that their support laid in areas where the Muslim community was in minority rather than in majority, enabling more informed future planning; Recognition of a need to 'make over' the Muslim League to progress. For Hindu community / Congress: Congress gained an overall victory by winning majorities in five provinces and being the largest single party in four others; This victory confirmed their view that they were the sole party representing Indians; Led to formation of cabinets in eight provinces which confirmed the victory. Less success For Hindu community / Congress: The Muslim League distanced themselves from Congress following by their treatment by Congress post-election; This created difficulties for Congress during negotiations for the future over the next ten years; The attitude of Congress and Nehru strengthened Muslim views in support of a separate nation. For Muslim community / Muslim League: 104/489 Muslim seats were secured by the Muslim League in the elections; In the Punjab, the Muslim League won 1/ 86 Muslim seats the remainder being taken by the Punjab Unionist Party. | [5-7] Level 3: Explains Success OR less success (One explanation is worth five marks. Additional explanations on the same reason can be awarded up to seven marks). | [3-4] Level 2: Identifies aspects of / describes events (One identification / description is worth three marks. An answer with additional identification / descriptions is worth four marks) e.g. Congress won most seats in the elections; It strengthened support for a separate nation. | [1-2] Level 1: Simple statement(s) (One simple statement is worth one mark. An answer with additional simple statements is worth two marks) e.g. The elections were useful for both communities.