Who was Nana Sahib?

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can be awarded for a developed statement. Candidates might refer to the following:
2. During the War of Independence at Kanpur he led the revolt that killed British officers and other Europeans
3. He had a personal grievance against the British for stopping his pension
4. A British force surrendered to him and his force, having been given a promise of safe passage out of the area
5. Nana Sahib fired on the British on barges killing 300 women and children and the soldiers
6. He escaped and was never captured.
7. LEVEL 1: Simple statement [1]
8. They were stronger
9. LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons [2-4]
10. They captured rich lands and had an experienced army
11. LEVEL 3: Explains reasons [5-7]
12. The battles of Plassey and Buxar gave the British the riches of Bengal and favourable trading rights with the local nawabs
13. This provided massive new resources, which the British could use to consolidate control
14. The British also introduced governor-generals into the provinces who administered them on British lines and provided yet more control.
15. The British army using its vast local resources and modern weapons and military skill were taking control of even more land.
16. LEVEL 1: Simple statement [1-2]
17. He wrote a number of books and opened a school and a university
18. LEVEL 2: Identifies/describes achievements [3-6]
19. He wrote a number of books and opened a school and a university
20. LEVEL 3: Explains development of a western education system OR other factors [7-10]
21. LEVEL 4: Explains development of a western education system AND other factors [9-13]
22. Western education system
23. In 1863, he founded the Scientific Society at Ghazipore this made scientific writings available to Muslims by translating them from English into Urdu.
24. He established a Muslim college, which led to the Muslim-Anglo Oriental College in 1876 and then the University of Aligarh, which is important in Pakistani history as it educated many of its future leaders.
25. In 1886 he set up the Mohammedan Educational Conference with the aim of raising educational standards amongst all Muslims.
26. He devoted his time to improving the position of Muslims through education.
27. Other factors
28. He suggested that the British should try to understand Muslims better
29. He gave explanation of the word 'Nadarath' in an attempt to remove the misunderstanding of the British about Muslims.
30. He was also aware that the British knew little about Islam and was offended by a book he read in Britain on the life of the Prophet and, as a result, wrote his own work correcting the many errors he had read.
31. He believed that relations with the British also could be improved by improving the understanding of Christianity by Muslims. He tried to overcome this by writing Tabyin-ul-Kalam, which pointed out the similarities between Islam and Christianity.
32. He wrote a number of books following the War of Independence showing the British that the Muslims were only partly to blame and that there were Muslims who were supporters of the British government.
33. He felt that the British should treat the Muslims and Hindus differently since they lived separate and different lives from one another and so were really like separate nations.
34. He was the first person to express this point of view and it became known as the Two Nation Theory that gave hope to Muslims of a separate homeland.
35. LEVEL 5: As Level 4 - also produces a judgement or evaluation [14]