O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of PakistanOct/Nov 2015 · Q525 Marks

Study Fig. 9, which is a map giving information about cotton textile industries in Pakistan. [Figure 9]

(a)Study Fig. 9, which is a map giving information about cotton textile industries in Pakistan. [Figure 9]
(a)(i)Name one of the major centres of the cotton industry, A or B.[1]
(a)(ii)Suggest reasons why the cotton textile industry is distributed as shown in Fig. 9.[3]
(a)(iii)Explain what can be done to improve Pakistan's cotton textile industry.[3]
(b)(i)State two characteristics of employment in the informal sector of industry.[2]
(b)(ii)Give an example of a job in the informal sector.[1]
(b)(iii)Study Photographs C and D (Insert). [Photographs C and D]
(b)(iii)A.Describe the road transport that can be seen in Photograph C.[2]
(b)(iii)B.Explain the problems of using road transport in the northern areas of Pakistan with reference to Photograph D and your own knowledge.[3]
(c)(i)Choose a province and name two tourist attractions within it.[2]
(c)(ii)Suggest two problems the tourist industry in Pakistan must overcome in order for it to be more developed.[2]
(d)Read the following two views: Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries. More attractions and facilities for tourists must be built to help Pakistan develop. Tourist facilities must be restricted. The increasing number of tourists will damage our culture and cause environmental degradation. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

Hyderabad / Faisalabad
e.g. Karachi – port, availability of thermal/nuclear power
Faisalabad - in cotton producing region of Punjab
Hyderabad - in cotton producing area of Sindh, close to coast/Karachi
Availability of labour
Large local demand/market
Good transport system/roads
Near rivers for water in manufacturing process
In/near cotton growing area ‘Raw materials' = 0
Increase production of cotton crop / quality of cotton crop
Research into solutions to leaf-curl virus
Irrigation
More investment/government support/tax holidays/loans
Address child labour/environmental issues to ease international restrictions
Modernise machinery/plant/technology
Increase availability of power/electricity
Training / education of workers
Self employment
Labour intensive/little equipment
Irregular hours/wages/low wages Seasonal = 0
Paid daily/cash in hand
Not pensionable/no health benefits
At home/in streets
Not a registered business
Female labour
Child labour
Handicrafts/carpet maker
Street trader/hawker / cobbler / fruit seller
Labourer in construction/factories / garment worker
Bus/truck/taxi driver
Care work / maids
Street sweeper
USE LIST RULE
Pick-up/4×4/4-wheel-drive vehicle/jeep
Overloaded / heavily loaded
Carrying large pieces of timber/wood/sawn trunks 'Wood' = 0
Trucks/lorries
Painted
Mountain roads very narrow/steep/small for large trucks
Danger of falling rocks/cliff edges
Likely to be closed/blocked due to landslides
Closed in winter due to snow/ice/avalanches
Unmetalled roads/potholes
Lack of security
Punjab: Ancient history/archaeology – Taxila/ Harappa, Hillstations – Murree/Nathia Gali, Tombs/shrines -Allama Iqbal/Ranjit Singh/ Jahangir, Culture - Mughal architecture/ Shalimar Gardens/ Badshahi mosque/Lahore Fort/Rohtas Fort, Modern buildings – Minar-e-Pakistan/Presidential palace/Parliament building/Faisal mosque, Other - Khewra salt mines
Sindh: Ancient history/archaeology – Mohenjo-Daro/ Bhambore/ Kot Deji, Tombs/shrines – Shahbaz Qalander (sufi)/ Muhammad Ali Jinnah/Mazar-e-Quaid./ Chaukundi/ Makli, Culture - Mughal architecture/Jamia Masjid/ Ranikot Fort/ Kafir-Qila Fort, Hillstations – Gorakh, Lakes - Keenjhar, Manchar
KPK: Valleys - Kaghan/Kumrat/Swat/Kalam/Naran, Lakes - Saiful Muluk
Accept any other reasonable examples located in correct province
Poor security/terrorism/political instability
Bad management/planning of tourist developments/corruption
Poor transport infrastructure/poor road network/unpredictable railways/ infrequent air access in north
Lack of government funding/priority
Little tourism infrastructure / few tour agencies / hotels not international standard
Lack of maintenance/cleanliness of tourist areas
Tourist income likely to be high (and greater than from other sources, e.g. from exporting raw materials)
Creates employment
Boosts cottage craft industries (leading to financial stability/preservation of culture/heritage)
Locals can use tourist facilities (which increases their quality of life)
Increases cultural linkages with foreign countries
Source of foreign exchange/improves economy (which will enable Pakistan to clear debts)
Only seasonal employment (May-Oct in northern areas)
Money could be spent on other important sectors (such as minerals, power, manufacturing, mechanising agriculture, alleviation of poverty)
Displacement of local people to make way for development, e.g. hotels
Named social problems e.g. crime, alcohol/drugs
Lack of respect for local customs/beliefs
Increases prices of local goods/food
Clearing of natural habitat to make way for tourist developments (e.g. deforestation in Swat Valley)
Unsightly hotel construction
Air/noise pollution from more vehicles
Water pollution in rivers from overloaded sewerage system
Litter