This question is about the steps taken towards the creation of Pakistan during the 1940s. Study source A and source B (Insert) carefully and then answer the questions which follow.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [3] Reward each correct statement identified from source with 1 mark, up to a maximum of 3.
2. Problem of India an international one and should be treated as such
3. Differences between Hindus and Muslims so great and sharp (1) that union under one central government was risky
4. People belonged to 2 separate and distinct nations(1) only chance to allow them to have separate states
5. They belonged to 2 different religions, philosophies, social customs and literature
6. Concepts on and of life different
7. LEVEL 1: Identify surface features from the source [1]
8. Two people are playing chess
9. LEVEL 2: Unsupported inferences [2-3]
10. Negotiations aren't going well. It was a slow process. They look confused
11. LEVEL 3: Inference(s) supported by detail from the source and/or contextual knowledge [4-5]
12. This source is representing the negotiations at Simla in 1945.
13. The negotiators don't appear to be cooperating with each other. One (Jinnah) is looking bored and the other (Gandhi) appears to be floating above the ground suggesting that he is in another place rather than sat round the table. The observer (Lord Wavell the Viceroy from Britain) is watching. His face suggests that he is impatient and he is looking at his watch. They are perhaps thoughtful. Their faces show they are thinking about their next move/waiting to see what move the other makes. Using a game of chess in the source suggests the negotiations were complex and took time which clearly the British didn't want to waste.
14. LEVEL 1: Simplistic answer [1]
15. The Cripps Mission had no success/Describes the Mission.
16. LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons [2-4]
17. The Muslim League wanted a separate state and Congress wanted immediate power.
18. LEVEL 3: Explains reasons [5-7]
19. The Muslims rejected the plan because the British would not agree to Partition and the Congress Party wanted immediate and full control over the central government. The British were also negotiating from a weak position which the Congress Party exploited by demanding Britain leave the sub-continent immediately. The ML insisted on a firm promise of an independent state of Pakistan. Anything else would lead to a Hindu majority which they thought would deny Muslim rights.
20. LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement [1-2]
21. They converted people
22. LEVEL 2: Description /identification of reasons [3-4]
23. Labour were in favour of partition
24. LEVEL 3: Explains the success of the Labour Party victory OR other reasons [5-7]
25. LEVEL 4: Explains the success of the Labour Party victory AND other reasons [6-9]
26. The Labour Party won a massive and unexpected victory in the 1945 General Election. The party was opposed to imperialism and eager to promote independence for India following the election. Thus the signs for an independent state of some kind looked very positive. However there was a problem, since the new government were pro-Congress and Gandhi, so Partition was most unlikely and instead the favoured route was for a federal India rather than two separate states.
27. LEVEL 5: As Level 4 – also produces a judgement or evaluation. [10]
28. However there were other reasons partition took place in 1947. Following the Simla Conference in 1945, Lord Wavell announced new elections. The results demonstrated that the Congress had control of the non-Muslim votes but that the League had equally gained control of the Muslim vote. It was clear that the League was an equal player to the Congress and that the demand for Partition could no longer be ignored by the Congress or the British Government.
29. However in March 1946, members of the British Cabinet Mission arrived in India to work out a plan for achieving independence for India as a federation. The Mission met with some 470 Indian leaders but Jinnah stuck firm to his stance that partition was the only way forward as far as the Muslims were concerned. Once the plans for grouping the provinces together were known, the ML accepted the plan as long as the groupings were to be compulsory. Congress however refused to accept the groupings and that they would not be bound by any British plan. The British government decided to form an Interim Government headed by Nehru of Congress. Eventually members of the ML joined it too.
30. The ML grew more concerned that the British would leave India without organising a settlement and didn't want Congress to be left in charge of organising a new country. Thus the ML organised a Direct Action Day in the summer of 1946 in an attempt to stop the British government giving in to Congress. Rioting on a massive scale took place and 000s died. The British grew increasingly worried that civil war would ensue and gradually a change of mind grew over Partition. In February 1947 came the announcement by Attlee that the British would leave the sub-continent by 1948 and the subsequent violence in the Punjab in March 1947 that convinced Nehru that Partition should take place quickly. This was formalised in the 3 June Plan. of 1947 in which Mountbatten, the new Viceroy brought about Partition in August 1947.