O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of Pakistan2059/20 · Oct/Nov 2014 · Q225 Marks

(a) Explain what is meant by each of the following terms, and choose one example of each from the given list. A raw material example B waste material example C value added material example COAL COKE STEEL SLAG LIMESTONE CO2

(a)Explain what is meant by each of the following terms, and choose one example of each from the given list. A raw material example B waste material example C value added material example COAL COKE STEEL SLAG LIMESTONE CO2[6]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 2, a map of the site of the Pakistan Steel Mills. Name the creek X and the port Y. X Y[2]
(b)(ii)Name the sea to the south where ships can travel to the steel mills.[1]
(b)(iii)Using Fig. 2 and your own knowledge, state three factors that make this site suitable for the development of the Pakistan Steel Mills. Explain one advantage that each factor gives to this industry.[6]
(c)Explain why the Pakistan Steel Mills is an industry in the 'formal sector'.[4]
(d)To what extent can work in the informal sector improve the lives of those living in urban areas? Explain your answer.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (A definition) Basic commodity from which finished goods are made / which is changed by a manufacturing process
[1] (A example) Coal / limestone
[1] (B definition) Unused / unwanted by-product
[1] (B example) Slag / CO2
[1] (C definition) Product that increases in value / worth due to industrial activities / a material improved as it goes through a manufacturing process
[1] (C example) Steel / coke
[1] X Gharo
[1] Y Port[Bin] Qasim
[1] Arabian [Sea]
[1] (Factor) Flat / cheap / unused land
[1] (Advantage) Low set-up cost
[1] (Factor) Coastal site / natural / deep water harbour
[1] (Advantage) Allows transport by ship / of heavy / bulky materials; Cheap transport of raw materials
[1] (Factor) Limestone nearby / at Thatta / Murli Hills
[1] (Advantage) Cheap transport of raw materials
[1] (Factor) Fresh water nearby / at Lake Haleji
[1] (Advantage) Reliable / continuous water supply
[1] (Factor) Power stations nearby / at Pipri / Korangi
[1] (Advantage) Reliable / continuous power supply
[1] (Factor) Rail / road connection
[1] (Advantage) Ease of transport of raw / heavy / bulky materials / products [especially to HMC at Taxila]
[1] (Factor) Township on site / near Karachi
[1] (Advantage) Readily available supply of labour; Market for sales / exports
[1] Capital intensive
[1] Employed / not self-employed
[1] Mechanised / fewer workers
[1] Regular working hours
[1] Regular / fixed wages
[1] In purpose built factory / office
[1] Legal / registered / pays tax
[1] (Might) Would otherwise be unemployed / unemployed / unemployable find work
[1] (Might) Source of income
[1] (Might) Can afford better diet / improved housing / education / luxuries
[1] (Might) May be suitable for unskilled / illiterate
[1] (Might) Can use traditional skills
[1] (Might) Goods / services available locally
[1] (Might not) Poor working conditions
[1] (Might not) Low / irregular incomes
[1] (Might not) Too many people doing the same thing / too much competition
[1] (Might not) May employ children who do not receive education
[1] (Might not) Goods are poor quality