Read the source below carefully to answer question (a). In 1927 the British government set up a commission chaired by Sir John Simon as provided for under the terms of the 1919 Government of India Act. The commission was to look into the situation in India but none of its members was an Indian. This was considered an insult by the Congress party which decided to boycott the commission.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can be awarded for a developed statement. Candidates might refer to: 1928, constitutional guarantee of fundamental rights including freedom of conscience and liberty, central government responsible for peace and order, Dominion Status, India to become a federation with a two-chamber parliament, protection of minorities, the vote for all men and women. Gandhi also proposed that Britain should have one year to accept the recommendations of the Nehru Report or face a campaign of non-cooperation.
2. [1] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement He was the greatest poet and philosopher of Pakistan.
3. [2-4] LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons He said there should be a separate state for Muslims.
4. [5-7] LEVEL 3: Explains reasons Iqbal was the first Muslim politician to demand a separate state for Pakistan which he advocated in 1930. This was important since it provided a focus for the Muslims to work towards during the next 15 years. As a poet and philosopher he advocated the need for a solid foundation for Muslims in Islam and the Holy Quran and provided the intellectual basis for the debate for a separate homeland. Finally, he recognised the talent in Jinnah as the natural leader of the Muslims in their demands for a separate homeland.
5. [1-2] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement
6. [3-6] LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons for foundation of the Khilafat Movement or describes the Movement Muslims distrusted the British. Muslims were worried about the break-up of the Ottoman Empire. They met with Lloyd George, the British Prime Minister, during the War.
7. [7-10] LEVEL 3: Explains concerns about British policies towards Muslims or other reasons
8. [9-13] LEVEL 4: Explains concerns about British policies towards Muslims and other reasons Muslims distrusted British policies, especially after the First World War and the Rowlatt Act and other legislation. They were concerned that the British were encouraging Muslims to fear the Hindus so that Muslims would cooperate more with the British. They were also worried about how British rule in Afghanistan and Persia had paid little attention to the views of Muslims there and were worried that the same was happening in India. Muslims held the Caliphate of Turkey in high regard and were not prepared to see Turkey split up after the War and thus the Caliph abolished. They feared this would happen when the British government promised that the status of the Caliph would be respected in order to get the Muslims to fight alongside the Allies during WW1. The Muslims expressed their views to the British government during the war and it promised that no harm would be done to the Caliphate. However, this promise was not kept at the end of the war since the Turkish Empire was broken up. Also, the institution of the Caliphate was to be abolished. After the war ended, reports from Europe suggested that the British and French wanted to punish the Turks for their support of the Germans. The imprisonment of several Indian Muslims during the war also contributed to the anger felt. As a result, the Khalifat Movement was founded.
9. [14] LEVEL 5: As Level 4 – also produces a judgement or evaluation