Read the source below carefully to answer question (a). Bengal was the largest province of India with a population of 85 million people. Lord Curzon, the newly appointed Viceroy believed that Bengal was too large to be governed efficiently as a single province and in 1903 proposed that it should be split into two, West Bengal and East Bengal.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can be awarded for a developed statement. Candidates might refer to: Formed in response to partition by the Hindus between 1903 and 1905. Hindus were furious with the partition as they saw it as part of the British ‘divide and rule' policy. Swadeshi Movement was a boycott of British goods and bought only Indian produced goods. British sugar, salt and cloth especially suffered and cotton in particular. British cloth was burnt on bonfires. People picketed the shops selling foreign goods.
2. [1] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement They wanted their own party.
3. [2-4] LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons The Muslims were not united. The Hindus had their own party.
4. [5-7] LEVEL 3: Explains reasons Muslim rights would not be advanced if they continued to rely on the Indian National Congress. It was seen as an organisation which would only advance Hindu views. The Congress was demanding that India should be treated as a cultural whole and Hindi should be declared the official language. By not organising a Muslim group they would continue to be disorganised and disunited. Even more worrying was the growth of extreme Hindu nationalist groups who demanded that Muslims be forcibly converted to Hinduism. Therefore a number of prominent Muslim leaders founded the Muslim League.
5. [1-2] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement The reforms were hated.
6. [3-6] LEVEL 2: Describes or identifies reasons MC Reforms were proposed in 1918 and wanted a national parliament with two Houses and a Legislative Assembly. The British fired on a crowd in Amritsar.
7. [7-10] LEVEL 3: Explains Montague-Chelmsford reforms or other reasons
8. [9-13] LEVEL 4: Explains Montague-Chelmsford reforms and other reasons These Reforms that became the Government of India Act in 1919 disappointed the Muslims and Hindus as they had hoped for greater concessions. Central government reserved sweeping powers for itself with only minor concessions for the locals. The Reforms did hold out concessions to political parties provided that they accepted the right of the British to remain in control. The Indians, led by Gandhi, bitterly attacked the proposals and this led to anger and frustration, although Gandhi warned against a violent response. Indians who had supported Britain in World War One were looking forward to the principle of self-determination, which the Allies had promised nations after the war, being implemented. However, this was not to be the case with India. British politicians, especially in the Labour Party, were sympathetic to Indian self-government and it was this frustration that nothing was being done after the war despite apparent British support in some quarters that led to further frustration in the sub-continent. The Rowlatt Act of the same year increased the resentment of Indians by including the right of arrest without a warrant and detention without bail. Increasingly, there were waves of violent protest across India and the British were worried that there would be a repeat of 1857. A peaceful protest in Amritsar led to many hundreds of Indians being killed by General Dyer's troops. The British were determined to keep a firm hold on India.
9. [14] LEVEL 5: As Level 4 – also produces a judgement or evaluation