O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of Pakistan2059/20 · Oct/Nov 2013 · Q225 Marks

Study Photograph B (Insert) showing a brickworks, and Fig. 2, a diagram showing the main inputs to a brick-making industry. [Figure 2]

(a)(i)Write the names of three other physical inputs in the three empty boxes on Fig. 2 above.[3]
(a)(ii)Explain how bricks are made.[3]
(a)(iii)Name two types of air pollution that might be produced by a brickworks.[2]
(b)Study Photograph B again. Describe the effects of the pollution created by this brickworks on people and the environment in the local area.[4]
(c)(i)What was the production of cement in 2009?[1]
(c)(ii)By how much did production increase from 2000 to 2009?[1]
(c)(iii)Name the two main raw materials used to make cement.[2]
(c)(iv)Give three reasons for the continuous increase in cement manufacture from 2000 to 2009[3]
(d)Explain the advantages and disadvantages of expanding the sports goods industry in Pakistan.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2013). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Clay, water, coal
[1] Clay mixed with water
[1] Placed in moulds
[1] Dried (in sun)
[1] Baked (in kiln)
[1] Carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, soot/smoke, smell, dust/ash
[1] People Respiratory diseases
[1] E.g. Asthma
[1] Skin irritations
[1] Eye diseases
[1] Unsightly views
[1] Irritability/deafness (from noise)
[1] Environment (Spoil) heaps
[1] Quarries/holes/depressions
[1] Vegetation/crops covered in dust/ash
[1] Land degraded/bare/deformed
[1] 28 million tonnes
[1] 19 million (tonnes)
[1] Limestone, Gypsum
[1] Industrial/economic development
[1] Urbanisation/construction
[1] Better/more housing, roads, offices, factories (max 2)
[1] Higher living standards
[1] Population increase
[1] Raw materials cheap
[1] Raw materials readily/locally available
[1] Advantages Enhances traditional skills
[1] Uses local raw materials/saves import of raw materials
[1] Increases employment
[1] Work for women
[1] Increases family incomes/GDP
[1] More exports/trade
[1] Disadvantages Shortage of raw materials
[1] Cost of importing raw materials/machinery
[1] E.g. rubber/thread/leather
[1] Lack of skilled labour
[1] (Trade hindered by) child labour issues
[1] (Trade hindered by) quality issues

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