O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of Pakistan2059/20 · May/June 2019 · Q425 Marks

(a) (i) Define 'tertiary industry'.

(a)(i)Define 'tertiary industry'.[1]
(a)(ii)Study Fig. 4.1, which shows the percentage share of people employed in each economic sector in Pakistan. [Figure 4.1] What is the percentage of people employed in tertiary activities in Pakistan? %[1]
(a)(iii)Name three different job types in the tertiary sector. 1 2 3[3]
(b)(i)Describe the difference between domestic and foreign tourism.[2]
(b)(ii)Study Table 4.1, which shows the source of foreign tourists to Pakistan from selected countries in 2007. origin number UK 275600 USA 129600 Afghanistan 80 500 China 30600 Table 4.1 A Which country is the main source of foreign tourists? B Suggest two reasons for this. 1 2[3]
(c)(i)Explain two advantages of tourism to Pakistan. You should develop your answer.[4]
(c)(ii)Study Figs. 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6 (Insert), photographs of some natural and cultural attractions of Pakistan. Use the photographs and your own knowledge to suggest how each is a tourist attraction. Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.3 Fig. 4.4 Fig. 4.5 Fig. 4.6[5]
(d)Tourism is an important and growing activity in Pakistan contributing 7.4 per cent to Gross Domestic Product in 2017. To what extent is further development of Pakistan's tourism industry possible? Give reasons to support your judgement. You should support different points of view in your answer.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Tertiary industry is any activity concerned with providing a service.
[1] 35%
[3] Sales; Waiter; Driver; Teacher (teaching) / education; Doctor / bank clerk (banking); Guide; Hairdresser; Trading; Salon services; Maid; Tourism; Healthcare; Engineering; Security; Manager.
[2] Domestic tourism is when people go on holiday within their own country; Foreign tourism is when people from a different country visit / go on holiday abroad.
[3] A: UK. B: Visiting friends and family living in Pakistan; On business / official meetings (classed as tourist / visitor); Attending a cultural event; Sporting event; Visiting a religious site / pilgrimage; Sightseeing / historical sites / historical ties (e.g. colonial links); Scenic beauty / nature loving.
[4] Income from tourism; is usually greater than exporting raw materials (or named examples) / can help to correct the balance of payments / increase foreign exchange / money spent on areas like education and healthcare (dev); Creates employment in local areas; examples of employment opportunities, e.g. in hotels / as tour guides (dev); Encourages development of cottage or craft industries; handmade souvenirs are sold as profit / earn an income (dev); Food production is increased; creation of local markets (dev); Local people can use the tourist facilities; named examples, e.g. swimming pools / public transport (dev); Tourist and local interaction; creates cultural awareness and understanding (dev); Tourism is a sustainable industry; tourist attractions will be maintained / developed (dev); Improves literacy; development of language skills interacting with tourists (dev).
[5] Fig 4.2: beach for relaxing holidays / sunbathing / water sports / admiring scenic view of ocean from beach / cooling breeze from sea reduces heat / beach cricket or similar activities / riding camels; Fig 4.3: chairlifts (in Murree) for leisure and sightseeing / explore mountains / adventurous activities / photo opportunities / scenic viewing / greenery / admiring the scenic beauty / entertainment and thrills / aerial views; Fig 4.4: shopping / buy souvenirs (in Murree) / honeypot site for tourists / many attractions and amenities / hotels / stay in resort / market / investigating local culture / eating traditional food; Fig 4.5: experience mountains (in northern regions) /adventure tourism / mountain climbing / hiking / skiing / trekking / snowboarding; Fig 4.6: historic buildings / view architecture / to sample history / investigate culture / study traditions / sightseeing / historical sites / spiritual visit.
[6] Content Guide for Possibilities: Many impressive attractions natural / cultural / historic that could be further developed for tourism / named area, e.g. 1500 km coastline with beaches in southern Pakistan; Increased marketing and promotion of attractions using social media / TV; development of clear brand for Pakistan; The role of the Pakistan Tourist Development Board in promoting tourism; Recent additions to infrastructure that help; airports / helicopter services / roads, etc.; Improved tourist activities / services; named hotels / packages; Emerging middle class with time / money to go on holiday; Visa on arrival available to 24 countries; Greater expertise in hospitality / management of tourist facilities / training for staff; Careful management of attractions would preserve and enhance cultural / natural tourist sites. Content Guide for Difficulties: Cost of developing a tourist infrastructure; Focus is on the development of other industries; Current infrastructure; power, sewage facilities can slow the rate of development; Access to sites restricted by transport network; road / rail / air; Attracting investment; Security in some tourist areas; Some accommodation and services below international standards; Some tourist sites have been mismanaged causing soil degradation, etc.; Risk of natural disasters in tourist regions; flash flooding / landslides / earthquakes.