O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of Pakistan2059/20 · May/June 2019 · Q225 Marks

(a) (i) Study Fig. 2.1, which is a map of the southern coastline of Pakistan. Key: ----- international boundary ....... province-level boundary • fishing port [Figure 2.1]

(a)(i)Name two fishing ports on this coastline. 1 2[2]
(a)(ii)State two uses of fish. 1 2[2]
(a)(iii)Complete the passage about types of marine fishing in Pakistan. Choose the correct words from the list and place them in the spaces provided. Fish that is caught and sold for profit is known as ................... fishing. Many families depend on this type of fishing for their main source of ................... . Fish that is caught by the family for their own consumption is known as ................... fishing. Many people who live near the coast rely on fish as the main component of their ................... catch commercial diet large income small subsistence traditional[2]
(a)(iv)Describe three fishing methods used in marine waters. 1 2 3[3]
(b)(i)What is a fish farm?[1]
(b)(ii)Describe the characteristics of a fish farm.[2]
(b)(iii)Classify the following fish into the correct category in the table below. An example has been done for you. Marine fish Inland or freshwater fish shark manaseer Choose from: drum rahu croaker catfish skate palla trout ray thalla grass carp[3]
(c)Explain two problems caused by the fishing industry on the natural environment. You should develop your answer.[4]
(d)Fishing is an important and growing economic activity in Pakistan. Read the following two views about ways to develop the fishing industry in Pakistan sustainably: A Developing inland fish farming has greater benefits for the people and economy and is more sustainable. B Developing marine fishing has greater benefits for the people and economy and is more sustainable. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer.[6]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[2] Jiwani; Gwadar; Pasni; Ormara; Sonmiani; Karachi / Keamari.
[2] Fish waste for fertiliser; Money / income / export / selling; Fish waste for poultry feed / livestock fodder; Oil / oil extracted (to provide a source of nutrition – vitamins A & D) / medicines; Food supply / white meat / consumption / eating / healthy food.
[2] Fish that is caught and sold for profit is known as commercial fishing. Many families depend on this type of fishing as their sole source of income. Fish that is caught by the family for their own consumption is known as subsistence fishing. Many people who live near the coast rely on fish as the main component of their diet.
[3] Traditional sailboats / wooden sailboats / small sailboats; Traditional small (rope / hand crafted) fishing nets used cannot go deep / surface fishing only catch small amount of fish; Fishing rods / lines (with hooks) / fishing poles; Trawlers / gill netters / mechanised boats / boats with engines; Modern boats can go further out up to 50–60 kms from the coast; Stay at sea for 5–15 days / one to three weeks; Traditional sailboats do not go far from coast; Radar system / sonar / radios / navigation equipment / fish finders; Large (nylon / rope) nets which go deep into the sea and catch a large amount of fish / gill nets; Dynamite / bombs / explosives.
[1] A fish farm is a (rectangular) artificial pool / pond made for breeding / growing fish.
[2] Rectangular / square / circular ponds; Man-made / made by humans; Concrete or cemented impervious base; Side is edged with solidified mud / edged with concrete; Trees planted around the fish farm.
[3] Marine fish: drum, croaker, catfish, skate, palla, ray. Inland or freshwater fish: rahu, trout, thalla, grass carp.
[4] Water pollution; from spillage of oil from the fishing boats (dev); Overfishing; removes young fish and causes a reduction in species (dev); Threat to mangroves; die in polluted water so breeding grounds for many fish are lost / habitats lost (dev); Damage to ecosystem / ecology; food chains disrupted / species become endangered / extinct (dev); Air pollution; from trawlers releasing fumes / named fumes, e.g. carbon dioxide into air (dev); Nets / anchors / dynamite fishing; damage / erode sea bed / corals (dev); Using illegal nets; removes young fish (dev); Fish farming; chemicals run off into soils / water leading to eutrophication (dev); Propeller blades; damage / kill fish (near surface) (dev).
[6] Content Guide for View A (Developing inland fish farming): Greater return to fishermen / fishing industry; Increased employment; Use of technology and upgrading of skills will ensure increased fish production; Favourable impact on foreign exchange earnings; Reduces burden on crop and livestock. Content Guide for View B (Developing the marine fishing industry): Improved facilities are being developed along the coast for preservation and storage; Almost all communities along the coast of Balochistan depend on fishing for their livelihood; Infrastructure facilities provided at Gwadar, Ormara and Pasni; Ice factories and cold storage developed at Gwadar; One fish harbour has been constructed at Pasni; Could set up fish processing for further employment opportunities / potential to catch a lot of fish.