O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/22 · Oct/Nov 2024 · Q68 Marks

Fig. 6.1 shows information about the production of bread.

(a)Identify the industrial sectors shown in Fig. 6.1. Choose your answers from: primary secondary tertiary quaternary sector A sector B sector C sector D[3]
(b)Table 6.1 shows the percentage of workers employed in primary industries in 21 of the lowest income countries. Which one of the following statements is correct? Tick (✔) one box. In all of the countries more than 50% of workers are employed in primary industries. In all of the countries fewer than 90% of workers are employed in primary industries. In most of the countries between 70 and 80% of workers are employed in primary industries. In most of the countries more than 80% of workers are employed in primary industries.[1]
(c)Fig. 6.2 shows the distribution of the 21 low-income countries shown in Table 6.1.
(c)(i)Describe the distribution of the countries shown in Fig. 6.2.[2]
(c)(ii)Suggest two reasons why the countries shown in Table 6.1 and Fig. 6.2 have low incomes.[2]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] A quaternary B primary C secondary D tertiary 4 correct = 3 2/3 correct = 2 1 correct = 1
[1] In most of the countries between 70 and 80% of workers are employed in the primary sector.
[2] African countries/centre of Africa/E/SE/W Africa; Clustered/in a group/next/close to each other; Uneven; Only two non-African: Tropical/equatorial/between the tropics/close/near to the Equator/between either Tropic and the Equator; Majority are landlocked/inland.
[2] Harsh climate/extreme heat/droughts/land dry/desertification; Low food production/lack of food to sell; Crop disease/pests ruin crops; Poor soils; Lack of natural resources/minerals/energy reserves; Less working age people compared to proportion of young people/elderly/migration of highly educated/working age people/shortage of workers; Constraints on female employment; Lack of funds/investment for mechanisation/industry/businesses; Lack of education/low literacy rates/unskilled workforce; Poor medical facilities/spread of disease/reduced workforce due to illness; War/civil war/political instability; Overpopulation/high population leading to a lack of resources to go round/unemployment; Poorly paid jobs so not much money raised through taxes; Dominated by primary industry/little secondary or tertiary industry/few jobs in multi-nationals; Low level/lack of technology/mechanisation/industrialisation; Limited value added good produced/value of imports higher than exports; Poor transport/communications/land-locked make it difficult to trade/export/import goods.