O-LevelGeographyThe natural environment2217/22 · May/June 2013 · Q48 Marks

Cote d'Ivoire and Madagascar are two countries in Africa which are affected by soil erosion. Study Table 2A, which shows rates of soil erosion in Cote d'Ivoire.

(a)(i)Complete Table 2A by inserting the correct landscapes in the boxes provided: • bare slopes; • cultivated slopes.[1]
(a)(ii)Table 2B shows average soil erosion in Madagascar. How does the average soil erosion in Madagascar compare to the rates of soil erosion in Cote d'Ivoire shown in Table 2A?[1]
(a)(iii)The table below shows aspects of Madagascar's climate. In the table below, tick (√) the two aspects of the climate which promote soil erosion. Heavy rain storms Hot climate Irregular rainfall Moderate annual temperature range[1]
(b)(i)How does soil erosion inland affect the environment at the coast?[2]
(b)(ii)Why does soil erosion increase the risk of flooding?[3]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2013). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Cultivated slopes Bare slopes
[1] Higher (rate than any landscape in Cote d'Ivoire)
[1] Heavy rain storms Irregular rainfall
[2] Decline in coral Heavy siltation/extensive deposition Damaged mangroves Decline in fish stocks
[3] Reduces depth/channel capacity Damming effect causes water to build up Slows river flow Less vegetation so less interception/more run-off Water not slowed by infiltration/less infiltration

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