O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2015 · Q525 Marks

Study Photographs C, D and E (Insert), which show three different types of farming.

(a)(i)Which two of the following words could be used to describe the type of farming shown in Photograph C? Circle your two choices in the list below. Pastoral Subsistence Arable Commercial[1]
(a)(ii)Photographs C, D and E all show intensive farming. Describe two characteristics of intensive farming.[2]
(a)(iii)Choose one of Photographs C, D or E. Suggest three processes which will be important in the farming system shown. Photograph chosen ..........................................................................................................[3]
(b)(i)Using Fig. 8A, describe the locations of mixed farming, pasture and crops in Bosnia- Herzegovina. mixed farming pasture crops[3]
(b)(ii)Using information in Figs 8A and 8B only, suggest reasons for the variation in land use in Bosnia-Herzegovina.[4]
(b)(iii)Explain how political factors may influence agricultural land use.[5]
(c)For a named area you have studied, explain why natural factors cause food shortages. Name of area ..........................................................................................................[7]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) Pastoral and commercial (both needed) 1 mark
[2] (ii) High yields (per hectare); High amount of inputs (per hectare) or specific example such as workers, fertilisers, machinery; Small amount of land 2 @ 1 mark
[3] (iii) Any photograph can be chosen (no mark). Processes will depend on choice of photograph. E.g. photograph E: ploughing, planting, applying fertilizer, irrigation, spraying, harvesting packing etc. NB: if Photograph C is mentioned accept breeding but not slaughtering. Photograph and process must match. 3 @ 1 mark
[3] (b) (i) Mixed farming: in north of country; pasture: mainly in west; crops: mainly in south; 3 @ 1 mark
[4] (ii) Look for two generic ideas from the map linked to land use: • relief (max. 1 mark) water/river/valley (max. 1 mark) For example, crops grown on low land. The further two marks are available for justification – look for a reason to explain the link between the factor and the land use. For example, forest on highland [1] because the land is too poor for crops to be grown [2] OR there are crops in valleys [1] because soils are fertile [2] 4 @ 1 mark
[5] (iii) Ideas such as: government can give incentives to grow some crops; by offering minimum prices/subsidies; government can restrict the amount produced of certain products; by the use of quotas; or set aside; government can encourage the use of new technology; by offering loans/grants to farmers at low rates of interest; government can invest in research and development; impact of war/conflict; government takes land for farming for settlement/industry/airports etc.; 5 @ 1 mark or development
[7] (c) Levels marking
Level 1 (1–3 marks): Statements including limited detail which explain why food shortages are being experienced.
Level 2 (4–6 marks): Uses named example. More developed statements which explain why food shortages are being experienced. (NB max. 5 if no named or inappropriate example)
Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements which explain why food shortages are being experienced including some place specific reference.
Content Guide: Answers are likely to include reference to: Drought, Floods Pests Soil erosion, Natural disaster etc.
Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Named places, Specific climatic details,
NB: Sahel is acceptable for an area. Not a named desert.