O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2024 · Q625 Marks

Study Fig. 6.1, a map showing countries where there are factories. is a transnational corporation (TNC). Content removed due to copyright restrictions. [Figure 6.1]

(a)(i)What is meant by a transnational corporation?[1]
(a)(ii)Using Fig. 6.1, name the two countries with the largest number of factories.[2]
(a)(iii)Describe the global distribution of factories.[3]
(a)(iv)In 2017, opened a new factory producing sports shoes at Zapopan in Mexico (an LEDC). Suggest two advantages and two disadvantages of the factory for the people living in Zapopan. advantages 1 2 disadvantages 1 2[4]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 6.2, a diagram showing the factors which have contributed to globalisation. [Figure 6.2] Using Fig. 6.2, identify each of the three factors described below. easier for workers to move from country to country shipping raw materials or finished products in large sealed containers reduced taxes and customs duties on imported goods[3]
(b)(ii)Explain how improvements in technology have contributed to globalisation.[5]
(c)For a named factory or industrial area you have studied, describe and explain the location of a named factory or industrial area you have studied. Name of factory or industrial area[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) A business which operates in more than one country/there are factories/outlets in many countries/parts of the World/there is a global spread of factories/outlets
[2] (a)(ii) China; Vietnam
[3] (a)(iii) Ideas such as: Widespread/all continents/across the World; Uneven/clustered; More in Northern hemisphere/the north; More in east/most in Asia; Many in the Americas/North and South America/Europe; A few/small number/only 2 in Africa/anomaly in Africa/Australasia; Etc.
[4] (a)(iv) Advantages such as: Employment/earn money; Regular/higher wage; Improved skills; Improvement of roads; Investment in electricity/water supply network; Building of schools/health care facilities/housing; Multiplier effect or example; Brings in money/foreign currency/economic development; Etc. Disadvantages such as: Exploitation/low wages/long hours; Child labour; Unsafe working conditions; Atmospheric/water/noise pollution; Loss of tribal lands/hunting grounds/homelands/farmland; May reduce profit of/force closure of smaller businesses; Pressure on water/electricity supply; Exhaustion/overuse of raw materials; Land degradation/land pollution; Dependence/loss of work if company leaves the country; Leakage of money/profits taken abroad; Influencing of government decision making; Etc.
[3] (b)(i) easier for workers to move from country to country = increased labour mobility; shipping large amounts of goods in large sealed containers = containerisation; reduced taxes/customs duties on imported goods = lower tariffs
[5] (b)(ii) Ideas such as: Use of telephone makes it easy to speak directly to suppliers/buyers; Computers/Internet enables instant email communications/working online; Computers/Internet enables virtual meetings/online education to take place; Internet/TV advertising/online shopping (increases global demand for specific products) or example; Ordering/accounting/instant movement of finances can take place online; Development of transport technology or e.g. (air, ships)/faster transport; Rapid movement of materials/products/people; Reduced cost of international transport or e.g.; Automation/mechanisation enables workers to perform jobs in any part of the World with little education/training; Etc.
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe the location of a factory or industrial area. (E.g. close to market, near raw materials) Level 2 (4-6 marks) Uses named example. More developed or linked statements which describe and explain the location of a factory or industrial area. (NOTE Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example such as a country) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, which describe and explain the location of a factory or industrial area including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers could refer to: Raw materials Market Power supplies Communications Inertia workforce Etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details Specific details of industry Named/numbered roads Etc.