O-LevelGeographyThe natural environment2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2024 · Q425 Marks

Study Fig. 4.1, a diagram of a piece of equipment used in a weather station. Content removed due to copyright restrictions. [Figure 4.1]

(a)(i)What is the name of the equipment shown in Fig. 4.1?[1]
(a)(ii)Which two of the following traditional weather instruments are kept inside the piece of equipment shown in Fig. 4.1? Tick (✔) two correct answers from the list provided. anemometer barometer wet and dry bulb thermometer (hygrometer) sunshine recorder wind vane[2]
(a)(iii)Describe an ideal site for the equipment shown in Fig. 4.1.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain why the equipment shown in Fig. 4.1: is made of wood has a double roof has one metre long legs has slatted sides.[4]
(b)(i)Study Figs. 4.2 and 4.3 (Insert), photographs of two different types of cloud. Describe three differences between the clouds shown in Figs. 4.2 and 4.3.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain how a traditional rain gauge can be used to measure precipitation for a period of one month.[5]
(c)For a named river you have studied, explain the causes of a flood. Name of river[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) Stevenson screen
[2] (a)(ii) Barometer; Hygrometer/wet and dry bulb thermometer
[3] (a)(iii) Ideas such as: Away from buildings/in the open; Away from trees/tall vegetation; In a secure area/behind a fence; On an area of grass/not on concrete; Flat/gently sloping land; Etc.
[4] (a)(iv) is made of wood: Wood does not conduct/absorb heat/temperature; has a double roof: Insulation/protects instruments from the heat of the sun/sunlight/prevents overheating; has one-metre-long legs: (Measures air temperature) not temperature at ground level; has slatted sides: So air can pass through
[3] (b)(i) Differences such as: 4.2 white, 4.3 grey/4.3 is darker; 4.2 only covers part of the sky/further apart, 4.3 covers all the sky; 4.2 higher in sky; 4.2 cirrus/altostratus/cirrocumulus 4.3 stratus/ cumulonimbus/nimbostratus/stratocumulus; 4.3 more likely to bring rain, 4.2 fair weather clouds; 4.2 thin but 4.3 thick/dense; NOTE Accept fig 4.2 as 'the 1st one' and 4.3 as 'the 2nd one'.
[5] (b)(ii) Ideas such as: Place in an open/unsheltered area/flat land/stable ground/on grass; Away from trees/buildings; Sunk into the ground/protrudes above ground level/30cm to 1 metre above the ground/slightly above the ground; Check daily/after a month; Check at same time; Melt any snow/ice in funnel; Pour/put water from rain gauge into measuring cylinder; Take measurement from cylinder/from scale on side; Empty water after measuring it; Etc.
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which explain the causes of a flood. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed or linked statements which explain the causes of a flood. (NOTE Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Comprehensive and accurate statements which explain the causes of a flood, including place specific information. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Heavy rain/storms Rain for a long period of time Melting snow/ice Deforestation Urban growth/building houses/road building Etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details/dates/times Places along river Specific details/amounts of precipitation Etc.