(a) Study Fig. 9, which shows information about South Korea, a newly industrialised country (NIC) in South East Asia. [Figure 9.0 (Table showing information about South Korea in 1975 and 2009, including total population, urban population, GDP per person, adult literacy, access to safe water, infant mortality, and main industries)] Fig. 9 (b) Study Fig. 10, which shows how the employment structure of South Korea has changed between 1975 and 2009. [Figure 10.0 (Bar charts showing the percentage of employment in primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors for South Korea in 1975 and 2009)] Fig. 10 (c) Give an example of a manufacturing or processing industry and name an area where this type of industry is located. Explain the factors which have attracted this type of industry to the area. Industry chosen ..........................................................................................................................

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2011). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a) (i) 12 million
2. [2] (a) (ii) A. textiles/machinery; B. electronics/telecommunications equipment/computers
3. [3] (a) (iii) Ideas such as: increase in GDP per person; increase in adult literacy; greater access to safe water; reduction in infant mortality; increase in high tech industry; increase in urban population.
4. [4] (a) (iv) Ideas such as: large/increasing market in LEDCs/demand; large workforce; cheap labour supply; skilled/literate/educated workforce; low cost of land; few labour restrictions/limited trades union activity; ease of global transport of components/products by air/sea/accessible location; government subsidies/support/low taxes/grants; etc.
5. [3] (b) (i) Ideas such as: reduction in primary; reduction in secondary; increase in tertiary.
6. [5] (b) (ii) Ideas such as: import of food supplies; loss of agricultural land to urban expansion/industry; greater use of technology in farming; movement to the cities; automation/mechanization of manufacturing/industry/factories; increase in service provision/schools/hospitals; tourist development; increase schools/education/increases literacy/more skilled; more money to spend on services; running out of raw materials e.g. coal/iron ore (DEV); agricultural produce /manufactured goods now imported; etc.
7. [7] (c) Levels marking; Level 1 (1–3 marks): Statements including limited detail explaining location of manufacturing/processing industry (e.g. large workforce; good transport links; cheap land; raw materials; energy supply; water supply etc.); Level 2 (4–6 marks): Uses named example; More developed statements explaining location of manufacturing/processing industry (e.g. large workforce with engineering skills; good rail links to raw material supplies; located on coalfield for energy supply; water supply to use in processing etc.); (NB MAX 5 marks if no named example); Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example (e.g. sugar refining in Baltimore USA); Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. (e.g. good motorway links to markets in large cities such as New York and Washington; adjacent port facilities for import of sugar cane from Caribbean; government grants due to investment in declining industrial areas; large areas of flat land adjacent to waterside for storage of raw cane; large workforce in urban area which has high unemployment rate due to recent industrial decline etc.)