O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/23 · Oct/Nov 2019 · Q830 Marks

Students in Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean, were studying tourism. Tourism is an important industry in Mauritius and earns much foreign income.

(a)(i)How many international tourists visited Mauritius in 2005?[1]
(a)(ii)Between which two years was there a decline in the number of international tourists visiting Mauritius? ............................... and ...............................[1]
(a)(iii)Suggest four reasons why the number of international tourists visiting LEDCs, such as Mauritius, has increased in the last 30 years.[4]
(b)(i)When they showed their questionnaire to their teacher she suggested that before using the questionnaire they should ask: 'Are you a tourist or do you live in Mauritius?' Why do you think the teacher made this suggestion?[2]
(b)(ii)The answers to Question 1 (Which continent do you come from?) are shown in Table 8.1 below. Using Table 8.1, give two conclusions about where tourists came from to visit Mauritius. Do not just copy out the statistics.[2]
(b)(iii)The answers to Question 2 (Which of the following physical landscape attractions are you visiting in Mauritius?) and Question 3 (Which of the following human landscape attractions are you visiting in Mauritius?) are shown in Table 8.2 (Insert). Use this data to complete the bar graphs in Fig. 8.3 below, to show the number of visits made to the Casela Bird Park and the Grand Bassin temples.[2]
(b)(iv)Complete the pie graph and key in Fig. 8.4 below to show the answers to Question 4 (Overall which attracted you most to Mauritius?).[2]
(b)(v)What conclusion would the students make to Hypothesis 1: The physical landscape attracts more tourists to Mauritius than the human landscape? Support your decision with evidence from Figs. 8.3 and 8.4 and Table 8.2.[4]
(c)The students used a different questionnaire to investigate Hypothesis 2: Tourism is a good development for the residents of Mauritius. The questionnaire is shown in Fig. 8.5 (Insert). Name and describe a sampling method to choose people to complete their questionnaire.[3]
(d)(i)The students used the results in Table 8.3 to draw the graph in Fig. 8.6 below. Plot the total index scores for improved transport and air pollution on Fig. 8.6.[2]
(d)(ii)Using evidence in Table 8.3 only, which one of the following statements supports Hypothesis 2: Tourism is a good development for the residents of Mauritius? Statement There are more benefits of tourism than disadvantages of tourism. The total index score for benefits is greater than the total index score for disadvantages. Overall people think the benefits of tourism are greater than the disadvantages. Tick (✔)[1]
(e)(i)Suggest why tourism is likely to increase traffic congestion.[2]
(e)(ii)Describe how the students could carry out fieldwork to investigate the impact of traffic congestion in Mauritius.[4]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] 760 000
[1] 2008 and 2009; 2007 and 2009
[4] More flights / development of airports / cheaper flights / budget airlines; Advertising; Development of / more tourist facilities in LEDCs / e.g. hotels / more investment in tourism; Increased incomes / more disposable income; More paid holidays / more leisure time; Healthier / more active retirees / older people; People can book / research holidays on internet; Wish to visit new / unspoilt destinations
[2] To find out if person is a tourist or resident; Students only want to ask tourists / questionnaire is for tourists; Don't want to ask locals; Not waste people's time / own time; Residents' answers would be irrelevant / make survey unreliable
[2] Most / over half / majority / highest number / more tourists come from Europe; More come from Europe / Asia / Africa than N America (maximum 1 mark for comparing two continents); Few / fewest / least come from Australasia / S America; Number from Asia = number from Africa, Australia and S America
[2] Bar graph completion; Casela bird park = 34, Grand Bassin temples = 45
[2] Pie chart completion; 1 mark for dividing line at 58%, 1 mark for shading in chart and key
[4] Hypothesis is true – 1 mark reserve; More visits are made to physical attractions / more tourists attracted by physical attractions; Three most visited attractions are physical; Four out of the five least visited attractions are human; 2 marks maximum, 1 reserve for stats; 290 visits to physical attractions and 204 visits to human attractions / 86 more; Highest physical attraction is 67 visits and highest human attraction is 45 visits; 58% of tourists prefer physical compared with 42% prefer human / 16% more; No credit for Hypothesis is incorrect / partially correct; If no hypothesis conclusion then credit evidence
[3] Stratified: Gender / age balance / different age groups / different genders; Appropriate to population of island / socio-economic status / reflects total population; Systematic: Regular intervals / regular pattern; Every tenth person; Random: Ask anybody / next person / no pattern; Use random number tables / pick numbers out of a hat to generate order to ask people, e.g. if number 6 selected ask the 6th person; 1 mark for name, 2 marks for description; If no name / incorrect name of method, credit appropriate description
[2] Plotting improved transport (70) and air pollution (122) scores on graph
[1] Overall people think the benefits of tourism are greater than the disadvantages.
[2] More cars / buses / coaches / taxi / vehicles / people travelling on island; Seasonal increase in traffic / more visitors in one part of year than another; Roads not designed to cope with vehicle numbers; More movement of goods / lorries; Tourists take time to sort out the route / stop to admire scenery
[4] Do a traffic survey / count – 1 mark; Credit details such as: Which locations to do the count / do it on main roads; When to do count / start and finish time / start at same time / do between 10 and 11; How long to do each count / same time period / do it for 30 mins; How many times in a day / weekday and weekend; Classify vehicles / put vehicles in to groups; One traffic count in tourist season and one out of season; Method of counting, e.g. tally / clicker / counter; Organisation of groups / get into groups / pairs; Organisation of tasks at counting sites, e.g. two students do each count, one to count and one to record; Questionnaire / interview - 1 mark; Ask drivers / pedestrians / local officials / local people – 1 mark; Credit questions to 2 maximum such as: Where is traffic congestion worst? When is traffic congestion worst? Is your journey to work / school delayed? How has traffic congestion affected you? How long do you spend in traffic each day?; Can credit more than one method; No credit for sampling technique / table of results / averages / graphs / safety issues