(a) Study Fig. 5.1 (Insert), which is a photograph of an area where subsistence farming takes place. [Figure 5.1 (Insert) is a photograph depicting an area of subsistence farming. It likely shows small plots of cultivated land, possibly with a mix of crops and some livestock, surrounded by natural vegetation or trees. Evidence of manual labor or simple tools might be visible.] (b) Study Fig. 5.2, which is a graph showing information about the world production of wheat and rice between 1980 and 2013. [Figure 5.2 is a line graph with 'year' (1980-2013) on the x-axis and 'production (millions of tonnes)' (0-1000) on the y-axis. Two lines are plotted: 'wheat' and 'rice'. The wheat line shows production generally increasing from around 425 million tonnes in 1980 to 660 million tonnes in 2013, with fluctuations. The rice line shows production generally increasing from around 260 million tonnes in 1980 to 465 million tonnes in 2013, also with fluctuations.]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Producing/growing food/crops/produce/animals for their family/tribe/personal use or Producing/growing food/crops/produce/animals that is not for sale/profit Note: however allow idea of sale in the first idea if they are only selling the surplus.
2. [2] Ideas such as: Crops/maize or ploughed/cultivated; Livestock/cattle/goats/sheep or grazing/grassland/pasture; Mixed farming (if no credit for first two lines above) Fruit trees/dates/coconuts/oil palms; Clearing/surrounded by trees;
3. [3] Inputs: seeds, water Processes: weeding, harvesting Outputs: milk, maize Note: 3 marks if all correct 2 marks if 4 or 5 correct 1 mark if 2 or 3 correct
4. [4] Ideas such as: Too poor to buy food/have large families so need lots of food; Do not have transport/can't get to market/live in remote/isolated areas/too far from markets; Small areas of land/can't afford large areas; Do not produce enough (surplus) to sell/do not produce a surplus/only produce enough for themselves; Tradition; Vicious circle of poverty; Lack of/can't afford machinery; Lack of/can't afford fertilisers/pesticides; Lack of/can't afford good quality seed/GM/or such as IR8; Lack of education about, e.g. use of pesticides' Etc.
5. [3] Ideas such as: More wheat is produced than rice; Both have increased over the time period/both highest in 2013; There is more fluctuation/goes up and down/instability in the production of wheat than rice; Supporting statistics which must refer to 'million tonnes' somewhere in answer to illustrate any of the above (MAX 1 Reserved) Note: For first line this is one year and two statistics or a difference figure, for other lines this is two years and four statistics. Statistics: (millions of tonnes) 1980 2013 260/263 462/465 rice 425/430 657/660 wheat
6. [5] Ideas such as: Variation in rainfall amounts/drought/flood; Temperature differences/or example, e.g. late frost may damage crop one year; Variation in amounts of sunshine; Variation in seed quality/development of high yielding varieties; Use of fertilizer/pesticides/insecticides; Use of irrigation; Mechanisation or examples of; Market demand/price; Grants/quotas/subsidies; Crop disease/pests; War; Change in land use area or example, e.g. fell trees/fill ponds/urban growth/urbanisation; etc.
7. [7] Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe and/or explain the land use of a farm or agricultural area. E.g. rice = L1. Fertile soil = L1. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe and/or explain the land use of a farm or agricultural area. Note: Don't combine a simple description and explanation to create a developed L2 statement. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, which describe and explain the land use of a farm or agricultural area including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers can describe any type of agricultural land use and are likely to refer to: Relief; Climate; Soil; Access to market; Capital; Demand/price; Personal preference, etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details/named areas close by (e.g. markets) Specific details of farm, e.g. soil type, Statistics, etc.