Section C Answer one question from this section. (a) Study Fig. 5.1, which is information about the changes in the employment structure of Australia (an MEDC) between 1950 and 2015. 90 80 70 60 percentage of total 50 40 workforce 30 20 10 Manufacturing Agriculture Services Mining 0 1950 1970 1990 2010 2015 year [Figure 5.1]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] How the population is divided up by the type of work they do/in which sector people are employed/proportion in each economic sector/employment in primary, secondary, tertiary.
2. [2] Manufacturing industry = e.g. iron and steel/cars/textiles/food processing/sugar refining/making of relevant product/named industry e.g. Toyota, etc. Service sector = e.g. banker/teaching/nurse/shopkeeper/cleaner/taxi driver/working in a school.
3. [3] Ideas such as: Increase in service/tertiary sector; Decrease in manufacturing/secondary; Decrease in agriculture/primary.
4. [4] Ideas such as: Automation/hi-tec/mechanisation of/use of technology in agriculture/e.g. tractors; Automation/hi-tec/mechanisation of/use of technology in manufacturing/e.g. assembly line; More foods/manufactured goods are imported/no need to be self-sufficient; Improved education/skills; Growth of tourism; More demand for services; Raw materials running out, etc.
5. [3] Ideas such as: Mainly/most in Africa; Except Egypt and South Africa/except in North and South; A few/some in Asia; Near/on equator/mainly in tropics/between Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn/Central Africa/sub-Saharan Africa; Uneven/clustered.
6. [5] Ideas such as: Poor water supply is likely to slow down/hinder development; Dehydration; Many people will have water borne diseases; E.g. cholera/typhoid/bilharzia; People will not be able to work/be educated; Money will be spent on treating disease/dehydration; There may be a lack of water for use in agriculture/irrigation; Yields of crops/livestock will be low/lack of food; There will be little surplus for sale/export; There will be insufficient water for development of some manufacturing industries; Insufficient water for HEP; Pay to import water/cost of reservoirs/buy bottled water, etc; Conflict over water supplies, etc.
7. [7] Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to methods such as: Fossil fuels (e.g. oil, coal, natural gas), Power stations, Renewable forms of energy (e.g. wind, wave power, HEP), Geothermal, Nuclear power, Wood/charcoal, etc. Examples of development as appropriate to energy type: Renewable; availability of hot rocks/coal reserves/dams or example; have other energy sources to rely on; Government policy; lack of air pollution, etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details/named areas within country/country if named area in example chosen; Specific details/locations of energy supplies; Statistics, etc.