O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2018 · Q525 Marks

(a) Study Figs. 5.1 and 5.2, which show maps of Human Development Index (HDI) in South America in 2000 and 2012. [Figure 5.1, Figure 5.2]

(a)(i)What was the HDI of Uruguay in both 2000 and 2012?[1]
(a)(ii)Give one example of each of the following: – a country where the HDI has increased from below 0.7 to 0.7–0.8; – a country where the HDI has increased from 0.7–0.8 to above 0.8.[2]
(a)(iii)Tick the three statements about HDI in the table below which are correct. [Table with options: All countries with a high HDI have large populations, HDI is a composite indicator of development, HDI is the same as average income, Many people who live in a country with a low HDI will be wealthy, Most people who live in a country with a high HDI will be well educated, The higher the HDI the longer people are likely to live, There will be more schools and universities where the HDI is lower][3]
(a)(iv)Suggest four reasons why the HDI of many South American countries increased between 2000 and 2012.[4]
(b)Study Fig. 5.3, which shows information about GDP per person and the use of energy per person in selected countries (GDP is an indicator of wealth). [Figure 5.3]
(b)(i)Describe the relationship between GDP per person and the use of energy per person. Refer to countries in your answer.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why there is a relationship between GDP per person and the use of energy per person.[5]
(c)For a country you have studied, describe the advantages and disadvantages of a transnational corporation (TNC) locating there. Name of country .............................................. Name of transnational corporation (TNC) ..............................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] 0.7-0.8
[2] Brazil/Peru/Ecuador/Colombia/Venezuela; Argentina/Chile; 2 @ 1 mark
[3] HDI is a composite indicator of development; Most people who live in a country with a high HDI will be well educated; The higher the HDI the longer people are likely to live; 3 @ 1 mark
[4] Ideas such as: Increasing life expectancy/decreasing DR; Increasing income/GNI/GNP/GDP; Increasing years of schooling/more children educated; More hospitals built; More doctors/nurses employed; Development of new medicines/drugs; Building of schools/universities; Aid/investment in education/health care; Building of factories/more wealth generated from industry; Establishment of/higher income from service sector (or examples); MNCs/TNCs established; etc.; 4 @ 1 mark
[3] Positive relationship/correlation; Countries with higher GDP per person use more energy/lower GDP use less energy; However the relationship is not perfect/not linear; Reference to the GDP and energy of two countries to illustrate either point (Max 1); 3 @ 1 mark
[5] Ideas such as countries with high GDP: Have more vehicles/cars/transport/low GDPs will walk; So will use more oil (dev); Are more likely to use air travel; As they travel for business/leisure (dev) Have more industries/lower GDPs have more farming; (Industries) which will use fuel/power (dev) More likely to have electricity in homes/lighting/heating/electrical gadgets/examples such as phone/washing machine; More mechanised/less manual labour/in low GDP; etc.; 5 @ 1 mark or development
[7] Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Creation of jobs; Wealth creation; Infrastructural development; Development of communications network; Exploitation; Low wages; Specified pollution etc.; Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Specific details about TNC; Named areas within the country where TNC operates; Statistical detail