Study Fig. 5.1, which shows information about changes in employment in Vietnam (an LEDC). [Figure 5.1] Study Fig. 5.2 (Insert), which shows Danang City in Vietnam. [Figure 5.2]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Agriculture/farming/mining 1 mark
2. [2] Example of manufacturing such as: Car assembly/iron and steel/sugar refinery/toy making/any appropriate product, etc. Example of tertiary employment such as: Teaching/banker/shop assistant/office worker/cleaner/driver/hospital/airport/tourism/offices/office work, etc. 2 @ 1 mark
3. [3] Ideas such as: Increase in tertiary sector; Increase in manufacturing; Decrease in agriculture; Quaternary employment in 2010/introduced/and none in 1990; 3 @ 1 mark
4. [4] Ideas such as: Mechanisation/robots; Industrialisation/building of factories; Exhaustion of natural resources; Skills development/improved education; People can afford more/greater demand for services/examples; Import of food/manufactured products so agric/manufacturing became less important; TNCs established in country Etc. 4 @ 1 mark
5. [3] Ideas such: Next to main road/by pass/national highway; Next to railway; Between railway and road/lake; West/NW of (Danang) City; 10-15 km (1) NW of Danang International airport (1); 5 km away from coast/Danang Bay/W of Danang Bay; 10 km (1) S/SW of Lien Chieu Seaport (1); 9–10 km (1) S/SW of Lien Chieu Industrial Park (1); Note: Do not credit near/close to as need 'next to' Note: The Industrial Park is the purple area indicated by the arrow and not the symbol for the industrial park. Note: Allow one mark for correct distance and one for correct direction from named feature. Allow some tolerance with distance. 3 1 mark
6. [5] Ideas such as: Ease of importing raw materials/components for (high tech) industries; Ease of export of finished products by air/sea; Labour/workforce available from urban area; Road/rail transport links to move finished goods; Proximity to sea for seafood to process; Agricultural products available from hinterland; Market for packaging in nearby industries/port; Near farm area to get raw materials for processing; Large/flat/more than enough land area to build/expand factories; Sharing expertise helps hi tech industries; Close to university to help hi tech industries; Water from lake for food processing; Note: Candidates need to give reasons for location 5@1 mark or development
7. [7] Levels marking Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which name the different methods of energy supply. Level 2 (4-6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe the importance of different methods of energy supply. For this answer developed statements can be defined as follows : X% of the total energy is from ... An important source is ... (L2); A small amount of ... is used (L2); Locational reference e.g. HEP is found in the Rhone area of France (L2); There has been a change from x to y e.g. coal to renewable energy (L2); Note: Max one L2 for each energy type. E.g. coal is an important source of energy providing 70% of the energy (1 x L2) Max one for each way of achieving L2 (i.e. as listed above) E.g. small amounts of energy are obtained from HEP, wind power and nuclear power (1 x L2) (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate, including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Fossil fuels and renewables Coal Oil Natural gas Solar power HEP Wind power Wave power Nuclear power, etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details/named locations within area/country Statistics, etc.