O-LevelGeographyThe natural environment2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2018 · Q325 Marks

Study Fig. 3.1, which shows the Notsuke peninsula in Japan. [Figure 3.1] Study Figs. 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 (Insert), which are photographs taken on a coastline. [Figure 3.2] [Figure 3.3] [Figure 3.4]

(a)(i)Which type of coastal landform is the Notsuke peninsula? Circle your answer in the list below. bay headland spit[1]
(a)(ii)What is the distance and direction from Odaito to Narawara? Distance ................................................. km Direction ..................................................[2]
(a)(iii)Suggest how the Notsuke peninsula was formed by coastal processes.[3]
(a)(iv)There are large areas of sand dunes on the Notsuke peninsula. Explain how sand dunes are formed.[4]
(b)(i)Using information from Figs. 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 only, identify three opportunities which coastlines provide for people.[3]
(b)(ii)Coastlines experience hazards such as coastal erosion and tropical storms. Describe the problems which may be faced by people as a result of these hazards. Coastal erosion Tropical storms[5]
(c)Explain the formation of a cliff and wave-cut platform. You should include a labelled diagram or series of diagrams.[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Spit
[2] 5.8-6.2 km NE 2 @ 1 mark
[3] Prevailing winds blow from the north west; Waves/swash approach the coast/go up the coast/go up beach/at an angle/go in same direction as wind; Backwash retreats/pebbles go back /down the beach vertically /straight down/at right angles; Beach materials moved in zig-zag manner/along coast; (Known as) longshore drift; Recurved/hooked as a result of wind from different direction; Deposition at end/in deeper water/at change of direction of coastline; 3 1 mark
[4] Winds blow from the sea/onshore/across the beach ; Winds pick up/carry sand particles/blow sand; Drop them around an obstacle/pebble/plant; Dunes increase in size due to more build up of sand/deposition; Colonisation by vegetation/plants grow on them/vegetation anchors sand, etc. 4 @ 1 mark
[3] Opportunities such as: Fishing/port/harbour; Trade/transport/export/load/unload goods/port/harbour; Tourism/leisure/restaurant/bars/boat rides; Note: Credit port/harbour once only 3 1 mark
[5] Problems for people such as: Kill/injure/endanger people; Homes/gardens/property/lost/damaged/flooded; Transport/roads/paths damaged/flooded Boats/ships/ports/harbour damaged/fishing industry disrupted; Loss of farmland/crops/grazing land/kills livestock; Businesses/example flooded/lost Loss of electricity/water supply/contaminates water; Waterborne diseases; Less tourists Note: Ignore headings and so credit all ideas whether for coastal erosion or tropical storms but do not double credit. 5@1 mark or development
[7] Levels marking Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which explain the formation of a cliff and/or wave cut platform. e.g. named erosional process or description of = L1 Level 2 (4-6 marks) More developed statements which explain the formation of a cliff and/or wave cut platform. e.g. named erosional process and description = L2 Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements which explain the formation of a cliff and wave cut platform, including an appropriate labelled diagram/series of diagrams. Note: Do not penalise references to cave arch and stack. Any relevant points made about e.g. types of erosion within such accounts can be credited. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Corrosion Hydraulic action Corrasion/abrasion Undercutting Wave cut notch Retreat of cliffs, etc.