O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2017 · Q625 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 9, which shows information about the gold industry in Mumbai, India (an LEDC). (b) Study Fig. 10, which shows information about the greenhouse effect and global warming.

(a)(i)What type of pollution is described in Fig. 9? Choose from the words below and circle your answer. air noise visual water[1]
(a)(ii)Explain why the pollution described in Fig. 9 is occurring.[2]
(a)(iii)Using Fig. 9 only, describe the impacts of the pollution on local people.[3]
(a)(iv)Suggest reasons why the authorities may not want to solve the problems caused by the gold industry in Mumbai.[4]
(b)(i)Explain how economic activities are causing global warming.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why global warming is a threat to the natural environment.[5]
(c)Name an area which you have studied and state an economic activity which is causing the environment to be at risk. Explain how it is being managed so that it is more sustainable. Name of area Economic activity[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] air
[2] Ideas such as; Melting or purifying gold dust; Dipping in acid/using acid; Units have increased in number; Buildings do not have ventilation systems or purifiers/too old for purifiers; Wind carries fumes into houses;
[3] Ideas such as: Difficulty breathing; Asthma/bronchitis/coughs; Skin problems; High blood pressure; Air smells of acid etc.
[4] Ideas such as: Industrial solutions/it may be too expensive to solve the problem/it would need complete redevelopment of the gold industry in Mumbai; Legislation would be too complex; Government are more concerned about development than the people; Government do not want to risk businesses moving out/closing down; corruption is likely/people in authority may be receiving bribes; treating people would be too expensive; it could cause unemployment/the industry makes money/profit/taxes; negative multiplier effect etc.
[3] Ideas such as: carbon dioxide (and other greenhouse gases or example) are given off; by burning fossil fuels; in industry/power stations/transport; from pastoral/rice farming; deforestation it builds up in the atmosphere; heat is trapped/cannot escape/acts like a greenhouse etc
[5] Ideas such as: melting of ice caps/glaciers; loss of natural habitat; rising sea/water levels; flooding of low lying islands/countries; loss of food sources for wildlife; loss of species/extinction/animals die; breaking of food chains; threats to consumers; diversion of cold ocean currents; warming of sea water can destroy/bleach coral; increasing aridity/drought; forest fires; vegetation loss/trees die etc. Note: Example of a species is fine for development e.g. polar bear
[7] Level 1 (1-3 marks): Statements including limited detail which describe how threats to the natural environment from chosen economic activity are being managed.
[7] Level 2 (4-6 marks): Uses named example. More developed statements which describe how threats to the natural environment from chosen economic activity are being managed. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example)
[7] Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific reference.
[7] Content Guide: Answers should refer to appropriate forms of management of the activity chosen, ranging from small scale (e.g. fencing of vulnerable areas of sand dunes to protect them from trampling) to large scale (e.g. creation of National Parks). Answers can relate to any activity such as: Agriculture Tourism Manufacturing industry Generation of energy Tourism Quarrying Fishing etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details; Names of places/species within chosen area Specific details of management of area affected Note: Area should be smaller than a country but accept Amazon.