O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2017 · Q625 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 9 (Insert), which is a map showing information about industry in Panama (an LEDC in Central America).

(a)(i)What is meant by manufacturing?[1]
(a)(ii)Identify the following from Fig. 9: – A food processing industry in Colón; – A crop grown around Puerto Armuelles.[2]
(a)(iii)What evidence on Fig. 9 suggests that raw materials influence the location of manufacturing industry in Panama?[3]
(a)(iv)Suggest other factors which may have influenced the location of manufacturing industry in Panama.[4]
(b)Study Fig. 10, which shows information about industry. [Figure 10]
(b)(i)State three different types of input of a manufacturing industry. 1 ................................................................................................................................. 2 ................................................................................................................................. 3 .................................................................................................................................[3]
(b)(ii)Name a type of manufacturing industry. Identify the main output and describe the processes which take place in the industry. Type of manufacturing industry ............................................................................ Main output ..........................................................................................................[5]
(c)For a farm or agricultural system in a named area you have studied, explain how the land use is influenced by natural factors. Name of area ......................................................................................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Manufacturing is the making of/producing of products/changing RMs to products/processing raw materials
[1] Food processing = meat/milk
[1] Crop = bananas
[3] Ideas such as: Several manufacturing industries are located close to their raw materials; E.g. processing of shrimps near to shrimps/where shrimps are found; Tanning close to areas where there are cattle; Sugar refineries in/close to sugar cane areas; Milk processing/dairy close to cattle; Etc.
[4] Factors such as: Road/rail transport; Ports/navigable river/canal; Airports; Markets; Labour supply; Cost/availability of land/flat land; Availability of energy/electricity/power/gas/coal; Government policies/incentives (or example) Water for cooling etc.
[3] Ideas such as: Raw materials/natural resources; Components/parts; Energy/fuel/power/electricity; Labour/management; Capital/money/investment; Machinery; Land; Etc.
[5] Accept any secondary industry e.g. steel making, sugar manufacture, cars. Reserve 1 mark for example and main output (both required). Example can be type (e.g. car assembly) or the name of a firm (e.g. Volkswagen). If industry is not correct or not stated credit can still be given for valid manufacturing processes, but no credit for primary or tertiary industry. 4 marks for manufacturing processes relevant to chosen example with development as appropriate from when the product comes into the factory. Accept R&D and packaging but not e.g. marketing, designing, advertising, delivery.
[1-3] Statements including limited detail which explain how the land use is influenced by natural factors. E.g. fertile soil L1, flat land L1.
[4-6] More developed statements which explain how the land use is influenced by natural factors. Note: Crops and animals must be named where a land use is mentioned and not e.g. arable for L2. E.g. fertile soil to grow cereal crops L2 Flat land allows mechanisation L2 (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example such as a country name)
[7] Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: relief, precipitation temperatures sunshine soils Note: Crops or animals must be specified for L2. Do not credit negative impacts of natural hazards on farming e.g. drought, but only credit positive responses e.g. using drought resistant crops etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details; Names of places within chosen area Specific details/statistics of soil/climate Statistics.