O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2017 · Q525 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 7, which is a graph showing information about the average employment structure of LEDCs and MEDCs, along with Photographs D, E and F (Insert). [Figure 7]

(a)(i)Plot a cross on Fig. 7 to show the following information about the average employment structure of NICs: Primary 20%; Secondary 30%; Tertiary 50%.[1]
(a)(ii)Match Photographs D, E and F (Insert) with the descriptions in the table below. Write the letter of a photograph alongside the correct description. | | Letter (D, E or F) | |---|---| | Primary industry in an LEDC | | | Secondary industry in an MEDC | | | Tertiary industry in an NIC | |[2]
(a)(iii)Using information from Fig. 7 only, compare the average employment structure of an LEDC and MEDC.[3]
(a)(iv)Suggest reasons for the difference in employment structure between LEDCs and MEDCs.[4]
(b)Study Fig. 8, which is a map showing information about Ferrero, a transnational corporation (TNC) which produces Nutella chocolate spread. [Figure 8]
(b)(i)Using information from Fig. 8 only, explain how the TNC (Ferrero) shows evidence of globalisation.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why globalisation has occurred.[5]
(c)For a named example you have studied, describe the impacts of a transnational corporation (TNC) on an LEDC. Name of transnational corporation (TNC) ........................................................ Name of LEDC .................................................................................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] On graph Can be a cross or point, no need to label. Do no credit if more than one plot = 0.
[2] Primary industry in an LEDC = E Secondary industry in an MEDC = F Tertiary industry in an NIC = D
[3] Ideas such as: More primary in LEDC or MEDC 10 and LEDC 80; More secondary in MEDC or MEDC 20 and LEDC 7/8/9; More tertiary in MEDC or MEDC 70 and LEDC 11/12/13; MEDC mainly tertiary and LEDC mainly primary; MEDC lowest in primary and LEDC lowest in secondary; Note: Answer needs to be comparative unless using correct. Statistics. Do not credit the word 'only' if the statistics are wrong
[4] Ideas such as: Better education/more skills; Lack of investment; Availability/exhaustion of natural resources; More technology/mechanization; Demand for services; Many people in LEDCs are subsistence farmers/grow their own food; Export of RMs from LEDCs for processing in MEDC/Impact of colonialism on resource development;
[3] Ideas such as: It has links/factories/sales in many parts/all over the world/many countries involved/every continent/worldwide; Suppliers/raw materials/sugar/cocoa/palm oil are largely in LEDCs/S. America/Africa/Asia; Headquarters are in Europe/MEDC
[5] Ideas such as: Make more profit/seek new markets/make more money; Improved/good transport/rapid growth in air-travel/easy movement of people and goods across the globe. Containerisation; Reduced the costs of transport; Making trade cheaper and more efficient; Improved communications/technology/easier to communicate and share information around the world/information spreads quickly; e.g. internet; Growth of multinational companies/TNCs; Growth of global trading blocks; Which have reduced national barriers; e.g. European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN; Reduced tariff barriers/free trade; Firms exploiting gains from economies of scale; To gain increased specialization; Growth of global media/social media; Improved mobility of capital; Increased mobility of labour; Cheaper labour in other countries/LEDCs; Going to places with higher skill levels e.g. IT skills; Government incentives/cheap taxes/free ports;
[1-3] Statements including limited detail which describe the impacts of a transnational corporation on an LEDC.
[4-6] More developed statements which describe the impacts of a transnational corporation on an LEDC. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example – needs both the name of the TNC and the LEDC)
[7] Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. Content Guide: NOTE: Impact of the TNC rather than the product being produced. Answers are likely to refer to: Creation of jobs Wealth creation Infrastructural development Development of communications network Exploitation Low wages Specified pollution etc Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Specific details about TNC Named areas where TNC operates Statistical detail = 0 Global warming