O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/23 · Oct/Nov 2016 · Q830 Marks

A student was studying how renewable energy sources are used to generate electricity in the UK.

(a)(i)Which one of the following is the correct definition of renewable energy? Tick (✔) your choice. Energy which comes from rocks under the sea Energy which is produced from plants and animals Energy which comes from resources that will not run out Energy which is created in thermal power stations Energy which is stored in a nuclear power station[1]
(a)(ii)Fig. 11 below shows the fuel sources used to generate electricity in the UK in 1990 and 2013. What percentage of electricity was generated by renewable sources in 1990? [Figure 11.0][1]
(a)(iii)Complete the pie chart for 2013 using the following information: Energy source % Renewables 11 Gas 27[2]
(a)(iv)Identify two main changes in the production of electricity from fossil fuels in the UK between 1990 and 2013.[2]
(b)The students looked at plans to build a tidal barrage across the estuary of the River Severn. This area is shown in Fig. 12 (Insert). They decided to find out the opinions of local residents in Weston-super-Mare about the planned tidal barrage scheme. [Figure 12.0 (Insert)] The students investigated the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Most local people think that tidal power is a good way to generate electricity. Hypothesis 2: Local people think that the tidal barrage built across the estuary will benefit the area.
(b)(i)To begin their investigation the students produced a questionnaire which is shown in Fig. 13 (Insert). Suggest three reasons why their teacher approved the questionnaire. [Figure 13.0 (Insert)][3]
(b)(ii)The students decided to ask the opinions of 100 local people. Name a suitable sampling method to select the people.[1]
(b)(iii)Describe how the students would use your chosen sampling method.[2]
(c)The results of the question: Do you think that generating electricity by tidal power is a good idea? and reasons for the answer, are shown in Table 2 below. [Table 2]
(c)(i)Which reason is given by most of the people questioned who were in favour of using tidal power to generate electricity?[1]
(c)(ii)Use the results in Table 2 to complete Fig. 14 below by drawing in the two missing bars. [Figure 14.0][2]
(c)(iii)Do the results shown in Table 2 and Fig. 14 support Hypothesis 1: Most local people think that tidal power is a good way to generate electricity? Use data to support your conclusion.[2]
(d)The opinions of 100 local people about whether the local area is a good location in which to build a tidal barrage are shown in Table 3 below. [Table 3]
(d)(i)Use the results in Table 3 to complete Fig. 15 below, which shows the results of the statement 'The tidal barrage will help to stop flooding in the local area around the estuary'. [Figure 15.0][3]
(d)(ii)Which one of the statements has the most even balance of opinions given by 100 local people?[1]
(d)(iii)The students reached the conclusion that Hypothesis 2: Local people think that the tidal barrage built across the estuary will benefit the area was both true and false to a certain extent. What evidence in Table 3 and Fig. 15 supports this conclusion?[3]
(e)To extend their study the students asked some local people for their opinions on renewable energy and global warming. However, some of the people they spoke to did not know what these terms meant. So the students decided to produce an information sheet to give to people. The following answers will be part of this information.
(e)(i)Tidal power is one type of renewable energy. Give two other examples of renewable energy.[2]
(e)(ii)Explain how global warming occurs.[4]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) Energy which comes from resources that will not run out
[1] (ii) 6 (accept 5–7)
[2] (iii) Pie chart completion / 1 mark for dividing line at 73%, 1 mark for shading
[2] (iv) Coal decreases/more coal in 1990 / Oil decreases / Gas increases / Total decreases (2 @ 1)
[3] (b) (i) Includes gender/age groups/age groups don't overlap/doesn't ask exact age or directly about gender / Contains introduction/explanation/purpose of study/polite/respects privacy/not too personal / Asks for reason/opinion / Gives scale of agreement/agree or disagree / Contains categories to choose/yes/no question/multiple choice/closed questions / Can convert to statistics/percentages/easy to graph/easy to put into chart / Questions are relevant to hypothesis/covers everything needed/asks relevant questions/ balanced (3 @ 1)
[1] (ii) Stratified (quota)/systematic/random
[2] (iii) Stratified: / Gender/age balance / Appropriate to population of town/socio-economic status/different areas of town / Systematic: / Regular intervals/regular pattern / Every tenth person / Random: / Ask anybody/next person/no pattern / Use random number tables/pick numbers out of a hat to generate order to ask people / e.g. if number 6 selected ask the 6th person (DEV) / If no name/incorrect name of method in (ii) credit one appropriate description in (iii) / If name in (ii) does not match description in (iii) credit (ii) but no credit for (iii)
[1] (c) (i) Tidal power does not pollute the atmosphere
[2] (ii) Completion of bars / Turbines = 17, Free = 8 (2 @ 1)
[2] (iii) Yes / results do support hypothesis (HA) / 1 mark for comparable data e.g. / Yes = 71, No = 29/71 out of 100 people agree/over 70 agree/71% agree/29 out of 100 disagree/29% disagree
[3] (d) (i) Completion of divided bar / Two marks for dividing lines at 74% and 94% / 1 mark for shading
[1] (ii) Construction of the barrage will create jobs in the area
[3] (d) (iii) 1 mark (not reserve) for general idea such as: / About same amount of people/even balance of people agree and disagree/equal numbers have positive and negative opinions / e.g. 'negligible difference between the number of positive and negative opinions' / Most people agreed with the positive statements (or an example of a positive statement) and most people agreed with the negative statements (or an example of a negative statement) / e.g. 90 said barrage will be a tourist attraction and 93 said barrage will threaten natural habitats / Credit 2 marks maximum for comparable data of total number of opinions against and for barrage e.g. / 'strongly agree' 121 negative and 128 positive opinions / 'strongly agree' and 'agree' 217 negative and 219 positive opinions / Agree can be column 2 or columns 1 and 2 combined / Credit 1 mark maximum for comparable data evidence of one opinion against barrage and one opinion in favour of barrage e.g. / 90 agree that barrage will threaten natural habitats and 93 agree that barrage will be a tourist attraction / Credit 1 mark maximum for comparison between agree and disagree for total responses about benefits (NOT problems) i.e. / 219 agree and 81 disagree that the scheme brought benefits
[2] (e) (i) HEP/hydro / Solar / Geothermal / Wave / Wind / Wood / Biomass/biofuel (2 @ 1)
[4] (ii) Burning fossil fuels or coal/cars use petrol/release greenhouse gases/release CO2 / CO2/greenhouse gases build up or increase in atmosphere / Sun's energy/radiation passes through the earth's atmosphere / Heats up earth's surface/absorbed by the earth's surface / Radiation re-radiated back towards space/reflected back / Greenhouse gases absorb/prevent escape of/trap outgoing radiation/reflect heat back / Reference to ozone layer: if ozone layer is entire context of answer award 0 but / otherwise credit ideas which apply to global warming and ignore ozone layer reference