O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2016 · Q525 Marks

Study Fig. 8 (Insert), a map produced by the Tourist Information Office of Geiranger in Norway (an MEDC in Europe), along with Photograph E (Insert).

(a)(i)Identify from Fig. 8, two different types of accommodation for tourists. 1 2[1]
(a)(ii)Suggest two different jobs created by the tourist industry in Geiranger. 1 2[2]
(a)(iii)Describe the attractions of the natural environment in the area around Geiranger shown in Photograph E.[3]
(a)(iv)Geiranger is visited by cruise ships, some of which carry more than 2000 passengers. Suggest how this may cause problems for people who live and work in Geiranger.[4]
(b)(i)Describe the changes in the number of international tourists visiting Norway between 1995 and 2012. Include statistics in your answer.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain how the growth of international tourism encourages the development of the economy and infrastructure in a country.[5]
(c)For a named area you have studied, describe an economic activity which takes place and explain how this is threatening the local natural environment. Name of area[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) Hotel and camping Both needed for 1 mark
[2] (ii) Ideas such as:
work in hotel (or example of job);
taxi driver;
tour guide;
worker in Tourist Information Centre;
worker in souvenir shop;
etc.
[3] (iii) Attractions such as:
Lake/inlet of sea/fjord/river;
Steep slopes/cliffs/mountains/hills/valley;
waterfalls;
forests/woodland;
Green/blue water;
Snow;
etc.
[4] (iv) Ideas such as:
seasonal employment;
traffic congestion;
noise;
litter/large amount of waste produced;
loss of culture;
loss of farmland;
disruption to fishing;
streets get crowded/overcrowded/congested;
increased prices of products/locals pay more for products;
people disturb farm animals/walk across farmland/leave gates open;
etc.
[3] (b) (i) Ideas such as:
Increased overall/between appropriate years e.g. 97/98/2001–2007;
Decreased between appropriate years e.g. 95–97/98–2001;
Statistic mark must give 2 stats e.g. from 2.9m in 1995 to 5m in 2012 or overall change e.g. 2.1 m;
Reserve 1 mark for paired statistics to illustrate changes to MAX 1 allow tolerance of 0.1 each way on stats. Must include unit of 'millions/m' at least once in answer. etc.
[5] (ii) Ideas such as:
attracts foreign exchange;
provides employment/people can earn money; such as (dev);
money spent in local businesses; e.g. souvenir shops (dev);
money earned by hotels;
creates multiplier effect;
building of roads/railways;
improved access within the country;
improvement of airports;
enables better links with other countries;
attracting further investment;
improvement of utilities;
water/electricity/gas supplies extended;
tax to government;
more goods and services are produced; therefore increasing GDP (dev);
etc.
[7] (c) Levels marking
Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe an economic activity and/or explain how it is threatening the local natural environment.
Level 2 (4-6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which explain how the chosen economic activity is threatening the local natural environment. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example)
Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, which explain how it is threatening the local natural environment, including some place specific reference.
Content Guide: Answers could refer to any economic activity but are likely to refer to; Manufacturing industry; Tourism; Mining or quarrying; Agriculture; Generation of electricity; transport etc. Answers are likely to refer to impacts on; Flora/vegetation; Fauna/wildlife; Ecosystems/Food chains; rivers/streams; atmosphere; acid rain etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Specific details of economic activity, Locational details/named settlements etc.