O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/22 · Oct/Nov 2015 · Q830 Marks
Students who lived on a Mediterranean island in Europe were studying tourism. They decided to compare two local places to see why tourists came to visit. Badesi is a popular beach resort with hotels and apartments. Valledoria is a natural beach without hotels and apartments. The students tested the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: More tourists visit Badesi than Valledoria because it is more attractive. Hypothesis 2: The main reason for tourists visiting Badesi and Valledoria varies in importance.
- (a)(i)To test whether more tourists visit Badesi than Valledoria the students did a visitor count near the beach at both places. Complete Fig. 13, which is an example of a recording sheet, to show the information below. The location has been done for you. Location Valledoria Time 09.30 – 09.45 Day Monday Month (Season) July (summer) Number of visitors 27[2]
- (a)(ii)Give three instructions the students would have been given by their teacher to make the visitor count accurate.[3]
- (a)(iii)Explain why the students did the visitor count on Sunday and Monday.[2]
- (a)(iv)Explain how and why their results might have been different if they had done this visitor count in January (winter).[2]
- (a)(v)Table 2 (Insert) shows the results of the visitor counts. Use these results to complete Fig. 14B, below.[2]
- (b)(i)To compare the attractiveness of the two locations the students produced a bi-polar scoring index. Fig. 15 (Insert) shows their scoring sheet. How might the following difficulties of using the bi-polar scoring sheet be overcome? The scoring is subjective and scores may vary between students. The score may vary at different times.[2]
- (b)(ii)The results of the bi-polar survey are shown in Table 3, below. Complete Table 3 by calculating the total score for Valledoria.[1]
- (b)(iii)Use Table 3 to complete Fig. 16 below for Valledoria[2]
- (b)(iv)When the students studied the results of the pedestrian count and the bi-polar survey they reached the conclusion that the results did not support Hypothesis 1: More tourists visit Badesi than Valledoria because it is more attractive. Support their conclusion with data from Figs 14A and 14B and Tables 2 and Table 3.[2]
- (c)(i)To investigate Hypothesis 2: The main reason for tourists visiting Badesi and Valledoria varies in importance, the students used a questionnaire with tourists at both locations. The questionnaire is shown in Fig. 17 (Insert). The results of Question 2 in the survey are shown in Fig. 18 (Insert). Use the information in Fig. 18 to complete Table 4 for Valledoria below.[2]
- (c)(ii)What conclusion would the students make about Hypothesis 2: The main reason for tourists visiting Badesi and Valledoria varies in importance? Use evidence from Fig. 18 and Table 4 to support your answer.[4]
- (c)(iii)How could the students use the information which they collected on age and gender of visitors to make their conclusion more detailed?[1]
- (c)(iv)The students only asked visitors for the main reason for their visit. Why might this be a weakness of their survey?[1]
- (d)To extend their fieldwork the students decided to investigate more hypotheses about tourism. Suggest two questions which the students could have added to their questionnaire on tourism shown in Fig. 17 (Insert). Give a different reason why they might add each question.[4]
This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [2] (a) (i) 1 mark for time, day, month. Allow ticks or underlines.
- 1 mark for tally showing 27 as 5 units of 4 vertical strokes crossed through plus 2 single strokes.
- [3] (a) (ii) Start at the correct/same time (1)
- Finish at the correct/same time (1)
- Use a watch/timer/cell phone to time (1)
- Work in pairs/within group/more than one person to count/check (1)
- Use tally method to record pedestrians (1)
- Use same location at all three times (1)
- [2] (a) (iii) More people on Sundays/fewer people on Monday/compare numbers (1)
- Sunday non-working day/Monday working day (1)
- [2] (a) (iv) HOW: Fewer visitors (1R)
- WHY: Not in the main tourist season/January colder/lower temperature (1R)
- [2] (a) (v) Completion of two bars at 16.30 in Valledoria. 46 (Sunday) and 35 (Monday)
- 1 mark for each correct plot; ignore shading or bar width
- [2] (b) (i) Score may vary:
- Carry out pilot study to develop consistency/agreement on scores (1)
- Work in groups and discuss/agree score (1)
- Calculate the average score from a group of students (1)
- Score may vary at different times:
- Make sure both surveys are done at same time/agree a time for survey (1)
- [1] (b) (ii) +4. Must have +
- [2] (b) (iii) Three small circular plots needed as follows. Ignore any line joining them:
- Beach facilities at –2
- Views behind beach at +2
- Noise at +1
- All correct = 2 marks, 1 or 2 correct = 1 mark
- [2] (b) (iv) Question requires data evidence for Valledoria having more visitors and being more attractive, e.g.:
- Number of visitors (1 max)
- Sunday - Valledoria = 144, Badesi = 129/Valledoria 15 more (1)
- OR Monday – Valledoria = 119, Badesi = 116/Valledoria 3 more (1)
- OR Total - Valledoria = 263, Badesi = 245/Valledoria 18 more (1)
- Attractiveness survey (1 max)
- Valledoria = +4/4, Badesi = +2/2 OR Valledoria 2 more (1)
- [2] (c) (i) Looking at the scenery = 20
- Sailing = 17
- Walking = 14
- All correct = 2 marks, 1 or 2 correct = 1 mark.
- [4] (c) (ii) Hypothesis is CORRECT/TRUE – 1 mark reserve
- If say False/Incorrect/Partly True = X HA and no further marks
- Main reasons at each place are completely different/specific named examples from table, e.g. sunbathing top in Badesi but windsurfing top in Valledoria (1)
- Credit paired data to show differences to 2 marks max
- e.g. sunbathing is rank 1/23% in Badesi and rank 8/3% in Valledoria (1)
- 17% visit Badesi for shopping and no visitors go to Valledoria for shopping (1)
- [1] (c) (iii) To see if there is any relationship between age/gender of visitors and reasons for visit/activities chosen
- [1] (c) (iv) Visitors may have come for more than one reason/might not be one main reason
- [4] (d) 1 mark for each question and 1 mark for each reason.
- It is not the case that all questions are valid; credit only those questions that extend the survey into tourism and are appropriate/relevant. See examples.
- Examples of appropriate questions
- Is there anything you do not like in this area? (1)
- To find out what needs to be improved to attract more visitors (1)
- Where have you come from today? (1)
- To find out information about catchment area/sphere of influence (1)
- How long are you staying in this area? (1)
- To find out if tourists are mainly one-day visitors or staying in the area (1)
- What type of accommodation are you staying in? (1)
- To find out the preferred demand for hotels, self-catering, camping, etc. (1)
- Is there another reason for your visit?
- To find out additional activities other than the main reason (1)
- Are you travelling alone or with others/your family? (1)
- To find out if the resort attracts certain groups/individuals (1)
- What transport did you use to get here? (1)
- To find out travel patterns such as use of cars, rail (1)
- Do you come here often? How many times have you visited here? (1)
- To find out if resort attracts regular custom (1)
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