O-LevelGeographyThe natural environment2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2014 · Q425 Marks

Study Fig. 5, climate graphs for areas W, X, Y and Z. [Figure 4.1]

(a)(i)Which area has the smallest annual temperature range? Area[1]
(a)(ii)Identify the graph which shows the climate of an area of: Tropical rainforest; Tropical desert.[2]
(a)(iii)Explain why tropical deserts have high daytime temperatures and low temperatures at night.[3]
(a)(iv)Describe the processes which result in heavy convectional rainfall in tropical rainforests.[4]
(b)(i)Using evidence from Fig. 6 only, describe the impacts of deforestation in Kalimantan. Include statistics in your answer.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why deforestation has taken place in many areas of tropical rainforest.[5]
(c)For a named area you have studied, describe the impacts of large scale deforestation of tropical rainforests on the local people and local natural environment. Name of area[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) Y; 1 mark
[2] (a)(ii) Y = Tropical rainforest X = Tropical desert; 2 @ 1 mark
[3] (a)(iii) • sun directly overhead/high angle of sun; • lack of clouds; • nothing to prevent heat reaching desert in day/it's exposed to sun; • allows escape of heat at night; 3 @ 1 mark
[4] (a)(iv) Ideas such as: N.B.: must be processes. • heated by sun; • evaporation of water/transpiration; • water vapour/air rises; • cools down; • condensation; • build up of clouds/saturation/turns into clouds; etc. 4 @ 1 mark
[3] (b)(i) Ideas such as: • reduced cover in all of Kalimantan/less trees or forest/smaller percentage of forest cover in 2000; • particularly large reduction in South/east Kalimantan/uneven distribution across Kalimantan; • 91-92 to 62–63% in east Kalimantan/60 to 46-47% West/48-49 to 17-18% South/76–77 to 61% Central; (1 mark for any appropriate pair of statistics) (N.B. 1 mark reserved for use of statistics) 3 @ 1 mark
[5] (b)(ii) Ideas such as: • lumbering/logging/logs; • export/use of wood for furniture; • mining/quarrying/drilling; • bauxite/iron ore/oil/gas; • cattle ranching; • expansion of settlements/for housing; • commercial agriculture/growing sugar cane or other/soy beans/ or examples; • road construction/railways; • give people plots of land to produce own food; • to raise money for country/to pay debts; etc. 5 @ 1 mark or development
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe impacts of large scale deforestation on the local people and/or natural environment. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe impacts of large scale deforestation on the local people and/or natural environment. (N.B. Max 5 if no named example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, describe impacts of large scale deforestation on the local people and natural environment. Including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: it destroys animals/plants; threatens species with extinction; impacts on food chain; loss of habitat; reduces interception; increases run off/ causes floods; sedimentation of rivers; death of local tribes people; introduction of `western` diseases; reduction of food supply/materials used for building; etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details; Named species and locations within rainforest; Details of inhabitants/tribe names etc. N.B.: developed ideas must be of the impact not the cause.