O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2014 · Q525 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about international tourists who visit Kenya from different continents. [Figure 8]

(a)(i)What is meant by international tourist?[1]
(a)(ii)Compare the percentage of international tourists to Kenya from Europe and Asia. You should include statistics in your answer.[2]
(a)(iii)Suggest reasons why the number of tourists to Kenya from different parts of the world varies.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain why international tourism has increased in the last 50 years.[4]
(b)Study Fig. 9, information about Kenya. [Figure 9]
(b)(i)Using only evidence from Fig. 9, suggest three different types of tourism which are important to Kenya. 1 2 3[3]
(b)(ii)Explain how the creation of game reserves and national parks in Kenya is likely to help tourism to be sustainable.[5]
(c)For a named area you have studied, describe the benefits and problems of tourism for local people. Name of area .....................................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) People who go on holiday/spend leisure time/sightsee from another country N.B.: Tourist and international must be defined.
[2] (a)(ii) Higher percentage from Europe/lower from Asia; 60% (Europe) compared with 10% (Asia)/50% more from Europe than Asia N.B.: The use of the word 'only' gives interpretation of the statistics. For example: 60% of Kenya's tourists come from Europe where as only 10% come from Asia = 2 marks.
[3] (a)(iii) Distance/there are fewer tourists from further away; Level of development/more tourists from richer countries; Transport links/ease of access/cost of transport direct flights; Similar opportunities/cultures/climate nearer home or it is very different from home; Ease of obtaining visa. N.B.: Accept generic points or examples.
[4] (a)(iv) Ideas such as: Greater affluence; Development of transportation/accessibility; More advertising/greater awareness/internet/online booking; Package holidays; Investment/increase in tourism facilities/attractions/hotels; Paid holidays from work; Longer holidays/people retire earlier; Cheaper air travel/more airports/more air routes/more direct flights; More travel agencies; More affordable/decreasing relative costs; People want to experience new cultures/people becoming more adventurous/more gap years; Countries opening up their borders such as China and Russia; Development of infrastructure or examples.
[3] (b)(i) Ideas such as: Beach holidays/activities or example of beach activity; (Look at) nature/(see) wildlife/safari/ecotourism or description of; exploring National Parks; Mountain holidays/climbing/hiking/walking; Activities on coral reefs/diving/boat trips; City break/sightseeing in the city; Scenery; sightseeing in the Rift Valley.
[5] (b)(ii) Ideas such as: Ensures preservation of land or wildlife/protects natural environment/ecofriendly/protects from poaching; Protects habitats; Game reserves and National Parks will still be there for future generations; Creates employment or income for local people; Such as people to look after reserves; So indigenous groups do not have to migrate to cities; Money earned can be invested in more tourist facilities; Cultures/traditions are retained; So tribal groups still exist in the future etc.
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe the benefits or problems of tourism for local people. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe the benefits or problems of tourism for local people. (N.B. Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements which describe both benefits and problems of tourism for local people, including some place-specific reference. Benefits and problems do not all need to be at L2. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to; Employment, Multiplier effect, Improvement of infrastructure, Increased market for local products, Seasonal work, Low pay, Loss of farmland, Impact on culture/culture clashes etc. Place-specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details; Details of specific resorts or attractions etc. N.B.: The development is of the impact not cause. Focus on people. Not environment unless it has a people link. Not a country unless very small or whole country is affected by tourism.