O-LevelGeographyThe natural environment2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2014 · Q325 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 5 and Photograph E (Insert), which show an area of coastline. [Figure 5]

(a)(i)What is the width of the entrance to Lulworth Cove? ........................................................... metres[1]
(a)(ii)Identify the type of rocks which form: the entrance to Lulworth Cove; the back of Lulworth Cove.[2]
(a)(iii)Suggest how Lulworth Cove was formed.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain why areas of coastline, such as the one shown in Photograph E, are important to many people.[4]
(b)Study Photograph F (Insert), which shows a stack.
(b)(i)Describe three features of the stack shown in Photograph F. 1 2 3[3]
(b)(ii)Explain the formation of a stack. You may include a labelled diagram as part of your answer.[5]
(c)For a named area you have studied, explain the conditions required for the formation of a coral reef. Name of area of coral reef .....................................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) 120 - 130 metres – accept any figure within range given.
[2] (a)(ii) Entrance = limestone – mark first in list Back = chalk - mark first in list
[3] (a)(iii) Ideas such as; Limestone eroded/limestone eroded by named process of erosion; Opens up line of weakness/fault in limestone/cave develops; Clay/soft/non-resistant rock eroded (to form cove/bay). N.B.: Must name type of rock on first line of mark scheme.
[4] (a)(iv) Ideas such as: Areas of beautiful scenery/good views/enjoy the scenery; Use by tourists/for leisure activities or example/income from tourism; Hiking/coastal paths; Fishing industry; Development of harbours/ports; People live there/residential/retirement.
[3] (b)(i) Ideas such as; Bare rock/rocky/resistant/hard; Tall/great height; Narrow/narrower at base/wider at top/notch at bottom; Surrounded by sea/separate from main coastline; Layers of rock/sedimentary.
[5] (b)(ii) Ideas such as: Erosion or named process or description of process; (Max 1) Line of weakness/fault opened up; Cave formed; Due to erosion of back to back caves/cave erodes through headland; Natural arch developed; Weathering/further erosion/cannot hold weight; Collapse of arch; Stack remains isolated from cliff etc. N.B.: Credit appropriate points on the diagram but do not double credit.
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail explaining the conditions required for the formation of coral reef. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements explaining the conditions required for the formation of coral reef. (N.B. Max 5 marks if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place-specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to; Warm Temperatures (17–33 degrees), Oxygen, Depth of water (not more than 60 metres deep), Sunlight, Food supply/Plankton, Sediment, Salinity (30-38 parts per thousand), Currents, Calm water Place-specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details or named areas close to reef, Specific reference to species etc. N.B.: Statistics alone do not count for place-specific. Development of a point can be through the use of appropriate statistics or explanation for L2. Name of country is not enough for place-specific. Example can be name of reef/area/country. Statistics on their own = L1.