O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2013 · Q625 Marks

Study Fig. 11, which shows information about the costs and benefits of tourism. [Figure 11]

(a)(i)Give one example of a job in the tourist industry.[1]
(a)(ii)Using Fig. 11 only, identify one environmental cost and one environmental benefit of the tourist industry. Environmental cost .............................................................................................................. Environmental benefit ..............................................................................................................[2]
(a)(iii)Use Fig. 11 and your own ideas to explain how tourism can 'undermine social standards'.[3]
(a)(iv)Many people who live in areas where tourism is important are not directly employed in the tourist industry. Explain how they might still benefit from tourism.[4]
(b)Study Photographs A, B and C (Insert), which were taken on the island of Mauritius (LEDC in the Indian Ocean).
(b)(i)Use evidence from each photograph to give different reasons why Mauritius is attractive to tourists. Photograph A .............................................................................................................. Photograph B .............................................................................................................. Photograph C ..............................................................................................................[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why it is easier to develop tourism than manufacturing industry in LEDCs.[5]
(c)For a named area which you have studied where the tourist industry is important, describe what has been done in the area to conserve the natural environment. Name of area ..............................................................................................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2013). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) Work in hotel/waiter/taxi driver/tourist guide/selling souvenirs/working for tourist agency; etc.
[2] (a) (ii) Environmental cost = air/water pollution/destruction of natural environment Environmental benefit = protection of natural environment 2 @ 1 mark
[3] (a) (iii) Ideas such as: Tourists wear inappropriate clothing (or example); Or drink alcohol; Tourism can encourage use of drugs; Prostitution may take place in tourist areas; (must state any of above) may be insulting to culture/religion; Assaults/robberies/pick-pocketing/violence; etc. 3 @ 1 mark
[4] (a) (iv) Ideas such as: Foreign exchange/increased economic growth/money brought into area/more government revenue; Enabling spending on education/hospitals or other examples; Development of infrastructure (water, electricity, or other examples); Development of transport or examples; Cultural exchange; Retention of culture/traditions; Increased market for local farmers; More business for local shops; They will build more facilities e.g. swimming pools that locals can use too; etc. 4 @ 1 mark
[3] (b) (i) Ideas such as: Sandy beaches; Tropical/colourful vegetation/plants; Clear/clean/blue/calm seas/water; Temples/religious sites/mosques/churches/cathedrals; Statues; Marinas/areas of boats/port/harbour/sailing; Mountains; Old buildings/ancient buildings; etc. 3 @ 1 mark
[5] (b) (ii) Ideas such as: Lack of raw materials for investment in industry; And imports would be expensive (dev); Difficult to establish market for manufactured products; Large/increasing demand for tourism; Skills base is poor for development of manufacturing; As traditional employment has been in farming (dev); Weather/climate/landscape favours development of tourism/beautiful scenery already there; Therefore overseas investors are happy to invest in Tourism development; Many jobs in tourism are low skill/pay; Tourism is seen as less damaging to the environment than Manufacturing/to build factories is more damaging; Lack of technology; Lack of infrastructure e.g. roads/ports to transport goods in and out; etc. NB: Reserve one mark for reference to each of tourism and manufacturing. 5 @ 1 mark or development
[L1] (c) Levels marking: Statements including limited detail describing what has been done to conserve the natural environment. (1-3 marks)
[L2] Uses named example. More developed statements describing what has been done to conserve the natural environment. (4-6 marks) (NB: Max 5 if no named example.)
[L3] Uses named example (e.g. Menorca). Comprehensive and accurate statements describing what has been done to conserve the natural environment, including some place specific reference. (7 marks)
Candidates may refer to ideas such as: National parks Restricting tourist numbers Conserving wildlife Education of tourist etc.