(a) Study Fig. 4, which shows weather data.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2013). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a) (i) (Current/day to day/temporary) atmospheric conditions
2. [1] 1 mark
3. [2] (ii) Measured by observation/looking;
4. [2] Estimation of the number of eighths of sky covered/proportion of sky covered by cloud/metal grid split into eight/mirror divided into eight sections etc.
5. [2] 2 @ 1 mark
6. [3] (iii) Precipitation – Rain gauge/pluviometer
7. [3] Wind speed – anemometer
8. [3] Atmospheric pressure – barometer
9. [3] 3 @ 1 mark
10. [4] (iv) Ideas such as:
11. [4] open space/away from trees and/or buildings;
12. [4] so readings are not affected by shade (shadow) or warmth from buildings; (reason);
13. [4] above grass/not above concrete;
14. [4] as temperatures above concrete will be artificially high (reason);
15. [4] in a fenced/walled compound;
16. [4] to avoid tampering from people/wildlife (reason);
17. [4] door opens away from the Equator;
18. [4] to avoid direct sunlight entering (reason) etc.
19. [4] NB MAX 3 without any reasoning. You can accept a reason without a description.
20. [4] 4 @ 1 mark
21. [3] (b) (i) Ideas such as Category 1 has:
22. [3] higher air pressure;
23. [3] lower wind speed/velocity;
24. [3] creates a smaller storm surge;
25. [3] does less damage
26. [3] NB: Assume the candidate is writing about Category 1 unless they specify Category 3 first. Accept vice versa as long as Category 3 is clearly indicated. Accept statistics which have a label with them – for example: Category 1 has a wind speed/velocity of 119–153 (km/hr) whereas Category 3 has a wind speed/velocity of 178–209 (km/hr). Do not need to give units.
27. [3] 3 @ 1 mark
28. [5] (ii) Ideas such as:
29. [5] flooding;
30. [5] destruction of properties/homes/buildings;
31. [5] power lines blown down;
32. [5] disruption to/contamination of water supplies;
33. [5] crops/food/livestock destroyed/farm animals die;
34. [5] livelihoods ruined;
35. [5] port installations damaged;
36. [5] possessions destroyed or example such as cars/boats;
37. [5] evacuation of people;
38. [5] deaths/injuries;
39. [5] trees/natural vegetation destroyed/habitat loss;
40. [5] disruption of ecosystems/food chains;
41. [5] coral/reefs damaged;
42. [5] roads/railways flooded/damaged;
43. [5] damage to beach/cliff/erodes coast faster;
44. [5] loss of specified land along the coast e.g. farmland or recreation land etc.
45. [5] NB: The impact is of the waves/wind/rain/storm – these are not impacts themselves.
46. [5] 5 @ 1 mark or development
47. [7] (c) Levels marking
48. [7] Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail describing opportunities provided.
49. [7] Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements describing opportunities provided
50. [7] NB MAX 5 if no named or inappropriate example. NOT a country. MAX 5 if no example specified. If the choice is not underlined at the start then MAX 5.
51. [7] Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example Comprehensive accurate statements describing opportunities provided, including place specific detail.
52. [7] Suggested content: Depending upon the choice candidates are likely to refer to opportunities in:
53. [7] Water supply and irrigation
54. [7] Farming
55. [7] Tourism
56. [7] Settlement
57. [7] Transport
58. [7] Ports and trade
59. [7] Industry etc.