Study Fig. 3, a cross section through coastal sand dunes.

1. (a)(i)Suggest why sand dunes have formed along this area of coastline.[2]
2. (a)(ii)Suggest why water is found in the dune slack.[1]
3. (b)(i)Study Table 1, which gives more information about these dunes. Using Table 1, what type of plant is first to colonise these dunes?[1]
4. (b)(ii)Describe the changes in ground cover, shelter and salinity from the embryo dune to the grey dune.[3]
5. (b)(iii)Suggest a reason for the change in salinity from the embryo dune to the grey dune.[1]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.