(a) Study Fig. 9, which shows information about the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per person and the percentage of people employed in the primary sector in selected countries. GDP is a measure of a country's wealth. [Figure 6.1] (b) Study Photographs E, F and G (Insert), which show an area where tourism has developed in Swaziland (an LEDC in Africa).

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2012). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a) (i) Farmer/miner/fishing/forestry etc
2. [2] (a) (ii) Countries with low GDP have high percentage in primary sector (or vice versa)/negative correlation (1 mark); Use of two pairs of statistics to illustrate this (2nd mark) e.g. $36000 GDP for Austria and only 6% employed in primary industry but in Nepal there is only $1500 GDP but there is 75% employed in primary industry. Other statistics are: Poland $18500 GDP and 17% primary Turkey $11500 GDP and 27% primary Thailand $7500 GDP and 43% primary 2 @ 1 mark
3. [3] (a) (iii) Ideas such as: many people work in agriculture; not much mechanization; many people lack education/skills/jobs are less skilled; lack of factories/services; many subsistence farmers etc 3 @ 1 mark
4. [4] (a) (iv) Ideas such as: Good service provision (or examples); Companies involved earn high revenues/foreign currency; Much foreign investment/investment from multinationals; These services (e.g. banks) support other industry; Many educated people/skilled people; etc. 4 @ 1 mark
5. [3] (b) (i) Attractions such as: wildlife/safari/see animals in natural habitat/see elephants/fauna; mountain scenery; traditional cultures/artefacts/crafts/housing; golf course; etc. 3 @ 1 mark
6. [5] (b) (ii) Ideas such as: Building/improvement of roads/railways; For tourist use can be used by locals (dev); Building/extending airports; Gives residents better access to other countries (dev); Water supply network developed; So people can use piped water for their homes (dev); Electricity grid extended; So people can use it in their homes (dev) Money used to invest in healthcare; so improves life expectancy (dev); Money used to invest in education; so gain better qualifications for higher paid jobs (dev); etc 5 @ 1 mark or development
7. [7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail describing impact of tourism on natural environment. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements describing impact of tourism on natural environment. Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example (eg Algarve). Comprehensive and accurate statements describing impact of tourism on natural environment, including some place specific reference. Candidates may refer to ideas such as: Animals Vegetation Coral Visual impact Air pollution Water pollution Etc. Named example should be smaller than a country but if a small country is named such as Jamaica that is acceptable. N.B: impacts can be positive or negative. Place specific detail can be names of features/places/attractions within the selected example.