O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2012 · Q625 Marks

Study Fig. 9, which shows information about water supply in an area.

(a)(i)Estimate the height of the reservoir (dam) above sea level. .................................................................................... metres[1]
(a)(ii)Identify two other methods of water supply in the area shown in Fig. 9. 1 2[2]
(a)(iii)Explain how water will be used in the area shown in Fig. 9 for agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes. Agricultural Domestic Industrial[3]
(a)(iv)Suggest different ways in which the rivers shown on Fig. 9 may become polluted.[4]
(b)(i)Suggest three advantages of the area shown in Photograph C for the site of a reservoir (dam).[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why some people will be in favour of building the reservoir (dam) at this site but other people will be against it.[5]
(c)For a named area or country, explain why it suffers from food shortages. Name of area or country[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2012). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] 250-280 metres.
[1] Desalination;
[1] boreholes/pump from underground rock;
[1] rivers 2 @ 1 mark
[1] Agriculture: Watering of crops/irrigation/for animals to drink;
[1] Domestic: washing/cooking/drinking/cleaning floors etc;
[1] Industrial: for manufacturing processes/cooling/ to clean machines/generate electricity/HEP/as a power source etc; NB: 1 mark per line 3 @ 1 mark
[1] disposal of waste/effluent from factories/industry/industrial waste;
[1] chemicals/pesticides from farms;
[1] fertilizers/slurry/animal waste washed from land/through soils;
[1] sewage;
[1] litter/people throw things into the river;
[1] oil/fuels/spillages from boats;
[1] run off of chemicals/toxins from mines/quarries;
[1] acid rain;
[1] remains of cremation ceremonies;
[1] washing themselves/clothes in the river etc 4 @ 1 mark
[1] Large/wide/big area of land/valley to flood/area that will store large amounts of water;
[1] Deep valley/basin/area with high sides;
[1] Not much settlement will be flooded/few people live there;
[1] Easy to build dam across valley;
[1] River/tributary streams will supply water;
[1] High rainfall (on hills);
[1] Potential snow melt;
[1] Impermeable rocks;
[1] Firm foundations for dam etc 3 @ 1 mark
Expect comments in favour relating to issues such as: [1] Generation of electricity; [1] Attracts industrial development; [1] Provision of water supplies for homes/irrigation etc; [1] Creation of employment; [1] Potential for development of tourism/leisure facilities; [1] Fish farming; [1] Reduce risk of/control flooding etc Expect comments against relating to issues such as: [1] Flooding of farmland/loss of farmland; [1] Loss of income/employment for farmers; [1] Loss of natural river/valley; [1] Loss of species; [1] Destruction of habitats [1] Loss of recreational area; [1] Visual impact; [1] Disruption of communications/transport; [1] Displacement of people/loss of homes/relocation; [1] Hazard from/threat of dam breaking; [1] Money could be used for other purposes; [1] Noise/dust from construction etc 5@1 mark or development
Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which explain why there are food shortages. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements which explain why there are food shortages. (NB: max 5 if no named example or inappropriate example. Accept a large area such as the Sahel or a country (MEDC or LEDC) or an area within a country) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example Comprehensive and accurate statements, explaining why there are food shortages with some place specific reference. Candidates are likely to refer to causes such as: Drought; Flooding; Hurricanes/cyclones/typhoons; Poor farming practices; Exhaustion of soils; Soil erosion; Wars/conflict; Lack of investment/poverty; Lack of agricultural technology High population growth rates; Unemployment; Recession Place specific detail may include names of places, locational information and appropriate statistics.