O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2011 · Q625 Marks

Study Fig. 10 which shows information about the use of fuelwood in six countries in Asia. Photograph E (Insert) shows fuelwood being collected. Which country shown on Fig. 10 uses the largest percentage of fuelwood to supply energy?

(a)(i)Study Fig. 10 which shows information about the use of fuelwood in six countries in Asia. Photograph E (Insert) shows fuelwood being collected. Which country shown on Fig. 10 uses the largest percentage of fuelwood to supply energy?[1]
(a)(ii)Give two different uses of fuelwood in LEDCs.[2]
(a)(iii)ADescribe the problems of using large amounts of fuelwood for: A people who live in LEDCs,[3]
(a)(iii)BB the local natural environment.[4]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 11, which shows information about global warming. Using only information from Fig. 11, explain how the build up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing global warming.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why people are concerned about the impacts of increased global warming.[5]
(c)For a named country or area which you have studied, describe the ways in which water supplies are being developed. Name of country or area[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2011). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Nepal
[2] Uses such as:
cooking;
heating;
warming water etc.
[3] A. Ideas such as:
toxic fumes/health problems/breathing difficulties;
e.g. cancer/asthma/heart disease;
lost production due to sickness;
people have to walk long distances for fuelwood;
time consuming collecting wood;
back problems causes by carrying heavy loads;
food cannot be grown as desertification occurs;
less wood supply for building;
houses can easily catch fire etc.
[4] B. Ideas such as:
pollutes the atmosphere/increase in carbon dioxide or other named pollutant;
loss of tree cover/deforestation;
increased aridity;
loss of shade;
soil erosion/loss of soil fertility;
more rapid run off;
destroys habitats;
destruction of food chains/ecosystems
increased desertification;
kills wildlife/animals/forces to move/extinction etc.
[3] Ideas such as:
heat from sun passes through atmosphere;
bounces back from surface;
it is trapped by layer of gases
[5] Ideas such as:
loss of species;
due to loss of habitat (dev);
reduces crop yields (dev)
ice in polar regions melts;
expansion of sea water;
rise in sea level (dev);
causes flooding of coastal lowland areas (dev);
reduce snowfall in some areas;
threatening wintersports industries (dev);
extremes of weather/more hurricanes/drought etc.
[7] Level 1 (1-3 marks)
Statements including limited detail describing ways in which water supplies are being developed.
(e.g. building reservoirs, using underground water supplies, importing water supplies, desalination etc.)
Level 2 (4-6 marks)
Uses named (example)
More developed statements describing ways in which water supplies are being developed.
(e.g. building reservoirs in areas where there is high rainfall, using underground water supplies where rocks are permeable, importing water supplies by building pipelines from neighbouring countries etc.)
(NB MAX 5 if no named example)
Level 3 (7 marks)
Uses named example (e.g. South Africa).
Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference.
(e.g. building reservoirs such as Inyaka Dam which was built in 2002 with a capacity of 123 700 cubic metres, extracting water from underground at the Cape Flats aquifer to supply water to Capetown in future years, importing water supplies from Lesotho by building pipelines from Katse Dam etc.)