O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2010 · Q625 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 10, which shows information about the numbers of international tourists staying in Barbados (a Caribbean island which is an LEDC) between 1980 and 2004. [Figure 10]

(a)(i)What was the number of international tourists who stayed in Barbados in 1980?[1]
(a)(ii)Identify a year during which the number of international tourists who stayed in Barbados: A increased by more than 30000, B decreased.[2]
(a)(iii)Describe the overall trend in the numbers of international tourists who stayed in Barbados between 1980 and 2004. Refer to statistics and years in your answer.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain why more holidays are now being offered in LEDCs than were offered in 1980.[4]
(b)Study Photograph D (Insert), which shows local people selling products to tourists on a beach in an LEDC.
(b)(i)Explain why many people in tourist areas in LEDCs work in the informal sector.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain other benefits for local people which tourism brings to an LEDC.[5]
(c)For a named area which you have studied, explain why the tourist industry has developed there. You should refer to the area's natural and built attractions.[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) 370000 / 370 thousand
[2] (a)(ii) A = 1984/1987/1994/1998/2003
[2] (a)(ii) B = 1981/1982/198519901991/1992/2001
[3] (a)(iii) Overall increase;
[3] (a)(iii) by 180 000/from 370000 (1980) to 550 000 (2004);
[3] (a)(iii) though not consistent/fluctuates;
[3] (a)(iii) allow any correct intermediate years and amounts to illustrate the fluctuation; (MAX 1)
[3] (a)(iii) NB: must show increase and decrease idea.
[3] (a)(iii) MAX 2 on figures.
[4] (a)(iv) Increasing affluence/more money to spend;
[4] (a)(iv) developments in air travel/airports;
[4] (a)(iv) Investment in larger airline capacity/larger aeroplanes;
[4] (a)(iv) Able to use low cost labour/land etc.;
[4] (a)(iv) Tourists are being more adventurous/want new experience;
[4] (a)(iv) More knowledge about distant locations/internet
[3] (b)(i) lack of skills/education/qualifications;
[3] (b)(i) large potential market/lots of rich people;
[3] (b)(i) can set up with no overheads/no need for premises/doesn't cost much to set up;
[3] (b)(i) immediate earnings;
[3] (b)(i) no need to pay tax;
[3] (b)(i) flexibility - no office hours;
[3] (b)(i) can't get any other jobs;
[5] (b)(ii) Local farmers can sell vegetables in hotels/fishermen sell fish to hotels or restaurants;
[5] (b)(ii) thus regular contracts (dev);
[5] (b)(ii) thus they can charge higher prices than to locals (dev);
[5] (b)(ii) improvement of roads; so travel within the area is easier (dev)
[5] (b)(ii) infrastructural developments/electricity/water/sanitation;
[5] (b)(ii) development of airport for possible international travel;
[5] (b)(ii) cultural exchange;
[5] (b)(ii) retention of local cultures; as there is a demand to see local dance/music/festivals (dev);
[5] (b)(ii) formal sector jobs; examples of formal sector jobs in the tourism industry e.g. waiter in hotel (dev);
[5] (b)(ii) stable source of income/regular contract/pay;
[7] (c) (Level 3) Uses named example (e.g. Algarve). Must include place specific information.
[7] (c) (Level 3) Comprehensive and accurate statements, which explain why tourist industry developed, with some place specific reference.
[7] (c) (Level 3) (e.g. long hours of sunshine especially June to September, average temperatures of over 20 °C during summer months, low rainfall April to Oct, clean blue seas, waterfront restaurants/bars in resorts like Albufeira, attractive headlands with cliffs at Lagos, sheltered sandy bays ideal for sunbathing, ease of access via good roads and Faro airport etc.)
[7] (c) (Level 3) NB: Must refer to Natural and Built environment for Level 3.