O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2010 · Q525 Marks

(a) Study Figs 8A and 8B (Insert), which show information about Norwich Research Park, an area of new industry in the UK.

(a)(i)Norwich Research Park has attracted businesses which use advanced methods, such as computer technology. What term best describes such businesses? Choose from the following list: Assembly industries, Food processing industries, High technology industries, Manufacturing industries.[1]
(a)(ii)Suggest two examples of businesses which might be located on Norwich Research Park.[2]
(a)(iii)Using Fig. 8A, describe the location of Norwich Research Park.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain the advantages of the location chosen for Norwich Research Park.[4]
(b)Study Fig. 9, a newspaper headline. NOKIA TO BUILD NEW FACTORY TO ASSEMBLE CELLPHONES IN BEIJING [Figure 9]
(b)(i)Explain why many large businesses, such as the European company Nokia, have located factories in cities in LEDCs.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain the advantages and disadvantages, for the people who live there, of foreign companies building factories in LEDCs.[5]
(c)Name an example of an area where manufacturing or processing industry has been located and explain the factors which have attracted this type of industry to the area.[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) High technology industries
[2] (a)(ii) Computer software/hardware/computers (or other example);
[2] (a)(ii) Office machinery/fax/photocopiers (or other example);
[2] (a)(ii) Producing pharmaceuticals/research into drugs/medicines;
[2] (a)(ii) Communications equipment/mobile phones (or other example);
[2] (a)(ii) Hospital equipment/MRI scanners (or other example)
[2] (a)(ii) Developing/testing cosmetics (or other example);
[2] (a)(ii) Aircraft/space technology;
[3] (a)(iii) edge of Norwich/rural/urban fringe of Norwich;
[3] (a)(iii) western edge;
[3] (a)(iii) approx 10 km from centre/CBD/any correct use of distance from named feature;
[3] (a)(iii) near/next to University of East Anglia/John Innes Centre/Norwich and Norfolk University Hospital;
[3] (a)(iii) on B1108 road;
[3] (a)(iii) close to A47/Southern by-pass;
[3] (a)(iii) near River Yare;
[4] (a)(iv) skilled/highly qualified workforce from nearby university;
[4] (a)(iv) good road communications/easy access;
[4] (a)(iv) greenfield site/attractive scenery/peaceful environment;
[4] (a)(iv) presence of university/hospital for research links;
[4] (a)(iv) cheaper land outside urban area;
[4] (a)(iv) large expanse of land/room for expansion/lots of space;
[3] (b)(i) Large/increasing market in LEDCs;
[3] (b)(i) Cheap labour supply;
[3] (b)(i) Low cost of land;
[3] (b)(i) Few labour restrictions/limited trade union activity;
[3] (b)(i) Ease of global transport of components/products by air/sea;
[3] (b)(i) Low bulk/low cost transport;
[3] (b)(i) Government incentives or examples;
[3] (b)(i) Lack of environmental restrictions;
[3] (b)(i) Cheaper to build factory;
[5] (b)(ii) Advantages: more people in employment;
[5] (b)(ii) higher wages than existing work;
[5] (b)(ii) improvement in skills;
[5] (b)(ii) improvements in transport e.g. roads/rail;
[5] (b)(ii) improvements in infrastructure e.g. electricity/water supply/sanitation;
[5] (b)(ii) rising standard of living or specifics e.g. housing;
[5] (b)(ii) improvement in public services or specifics e.g. health care/education;
[5] (b)(ii) multiplier effect;
[5] (b)(ii) Disadvantages: Exploitation; Low pay; Long hours; Poor working conditions (or example); Loss of rural land/farmland; Any specified pollution e.g. air pollution or effect; Water pollution; Noise pollution; Visual pollution;
[5] (b)(ii) MAXIMUM 3 MARKS ON EACH OF ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES
[7] (c) (Level 3) Must include place specific information. For named example must state what and where it is. Uses named example (e.g. sugar refining in Baltimore USA).
[7] (c) (Level 3) Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference.
[7] (c) (Level 3) (e.g. good motorway links to markets in large cities such as New York and Washington, adjacent port facilities for import of sugar cane from Caribbean, government grants due to investment in declining industrial areas, large areas of flat land adjacent to waterside for storage of raw cane, large workforce in urban area which has high unemployment rate due to recent industrial decline etc.)
[7] (c) (Level 3) NB: for place specific allow statistics/names of places/universities/airports etc.