O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2010 · Q625 Marks

Study Photographs C, D and E (Insert), which show three different types of farming. Which one of the Photographs C, D and E, shows pastoral farming?

(a)(i)Study Photographs C, D and E (Insert), which show three different types of farming. Which one of the Photographs C, D and E, shows pastoral farming?[1]
(a)(ii)The farmers in the areas shown in Photographs C and D are subsistence farmers. Give two reasons why many people in less economically developed countries (LEDCs) are subsistence farmers.[2]
(a)(iii)Describe three features of the commercial farm shown in Photograph E.[3]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 10, which shows the number of people who were under-nourished in Sub-Saharan Africa and in South and East Asia. With reference to data from Fig. 10, compare the trends in the number of under-nourished people in Sub-Saharan Africa and South and East Asia between 1970 and 2010.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain how food shortages may be caused by human and economic factors.[4]
(b)(iii)Explain how farmers in LEDCs might increase their production of food.[5]
(c)All farming systems have inputs, processes and outputs. Name an area where large-scale commercial farming takes place. Describe the inputs, processes and outputs of this farming system.[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) Photograph C
[2] (a) (ii) Ideas such as: they can only use small areas of land; no access to markets/they live in isolated areas/no way to transport crops; they need to feed their families/they have large families; their output is low/they don`t produce a surplus; no money to buy fertilizers/machines etc
[3] (a) (iii) Features such as: product/food is produced for sale/export; large areas of land used/large fields/open fields/large scale production; growing oil seed rape/flowers; undulating/gently sloping land; they use machinery/capital intensive; monoculture/single crop etc
[3] (b) (i) Reduction of numbers in Asia but increase in Africa (reserve); c. 95-100 million to 240-260 million in Africa; c. 640-645 million to c. 310-320 million in Asia
[4] (b) (ii) Ideas such as: Poor farming practices; Overcultivation/overgrazing; Exhaustion of soils/soil erosion; Wars/conflicts; Can't afford irrigation/fertilizers/pesticides/herbicides/seeds; Lack of availability of irrigation/fertilizers/pesticides/herbicides/seeds; Lack of agricultural technology; Production of non food crops; Population is too large to feed (or reason); Lack of government assistance to farmers etc
[5] (b) (iii) Ideas such as: Green revolution (credit specific details eg IR8/HYV rice); Use of fertilizers/manure; Irrigation (credit specific methods); Pesticides; crop rotation; farmers cooperatives; use of intermediate/appropriate technology (credit examples); land reform/consolidation/put plots together etc
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited describing a large scale commercial farming system. (e.g. soil, harvesting, cereal crops) MAX L1 if candidate selects an example of subsistence farming.
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements describing the chosen farming system. (e.g. deep, fertile soils, harvesting using combine harvester, cereal crops exported for bread making) (NB MAX 5 marks if no named example)
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example (eg Large scale cereal growing in Canadian Prairies). Comprehensive and accurate statements including correct reference to a named area. (e.g. wheat farming in the Canadian Prairies - deep, fertile chernozem soils, harvesting using combine harvester, cereal crops exported for bread making through Great Lakes etc)