(a) Study Fig. 7, which is a flow diagram showing information about the iron and steel industry. [Figure 7.0] (b) Study Fig. 8, a map showing the north east industrial region of India. [Figure 8.0]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Methods by which the raw materials are converted to finished products/stages in the manufacture of a product/jobs that take place in a factory.
2. [1] Input = coal/iron ore/limestone/scrap iron/labour/power etc.
3. [1] Output = pipes/tubes/plates/sheets/bars/rods etc.
4. [1] atmospheric pollution/smoke (from factory)/fumes/exhaust fumes;
5. [1] pollution of rivers/groundwater;
6. [1] visual impact/eyesore;
7. [1] clearance of natural vegetation/deforestation;
8. [1] loss of habitat/killing wildlife/wildlife scared away;
9. [1] impact on ecosystems/food chains;
10. [1] Improve infrastructure;
11. [1] Improve road network/build motorways/dual carriageways/widen roads/cheap transport;
12. [1] Improve rail network;
13. [1] Improve/build ports;
14. [1] Improve build airports;
15. [1] Free trade zones;
16. [1] Tax incentives;
17. [1] Low cost loans for equipment;
18. [1] Development/Assisted Area status;
19. [1] Grants for payment of workforce;
20. [1] Readily constructed buildings/build industrial estates/science parks;
21. [1] Rent free buildings/low rents;
22. [1] Setting up training schools for workers;
23. [1] Encourage immigration for workforce;
24. [1] Publicity/commercials;
25. [1] employment in factory/jobs;
26. [1] multiplier effect;
27. [1] more money (circulating in area);
28. [1] improvements to quality of life or examples (e.g. afford more food/education/health care etc.)
29. [1] development of transport network/roads/rail/air;
30. [1] development of infrastructure/electricity/water supply/sewage;
31. [1] land is likely to be flat;
32. [1] availability of coal/measurement/last long time (dev);
33. [1] iron ore nearby/measurement/last long time (dev);
34. [1] reduces cost of transporting raw materials; which are bulky (dev);
35. [1] water supplies available; (from river)/river nearby/for cooling (dev)/ dispose of waste in river; (dev)
36. [1] railway network (for transport);
37. [1] port nearby; for export of products(dev)/imports of raw materials not available/cheaper to import raw materials; (dev)
38. [1] nearby potential market/railway to market e.g. Kolkata;
39. Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail explaining why tourism has developed in an area, referring to physical and/or human attractions. (e.g. a hot climate; scenic beauty; beaches; tropical vegetation; interesting culture; historical buildings etc.)
40. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Max 5 marks if no named example. 3 developed statements plus named example for 6 marks. More developed statements explaining why tourism has developed in an area, referring to physical and/or human attractions. (e.g. a hot climate with summer average temperatures at least 25 °C; Clean/Safe/Sandy/ white beaches; clear blue seas; tropical vegetation with palm trees; historical buildings such as cathedrals etc.)
41. Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example (e.g. Majorca). Comprehensive and accurate statements explaining why tourism has developed in an area, referring to physical and human attractions, including some place specific reference. (e.g. a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers with average temperatures at least 25 °C and mild winters with no frost and snow; Sandy beaches at resorts like Alcudia; historical buildings such as the cathedral at Palma; theme parks/water parks etc.) NB: Named area can be a resort e.g. Athens/London/Blackpool. Tourist Islands are also acceptable.