O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · May/June 2025 · Q525 Marks

Section C Answer one question from this section. (a) Study Fig. 5.1, graphs showing the use of water for different purposes in Malawi, the USA and the UK. Malawi is an LEDC. The USA and the UK are MEDCs.

(a)(i)What percentage of water was used for agriculture in Malawi? ..................................................... % [1][1]
(a)(ii)Complete the pie chart for the USA by using the following information. Industry 10% Agriculture 68% [2][2]
(a)(iii)Compare the use of water in Malawi and the UK. Do not use statistics. [3][3]
(a)(iv)Suggest reasons why few people have access to clean water in rural Malawi. [4][4]
(b)(i)Describe each of the methods of water supply shown in Figs. 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4. Fig. 5.2 Fig. 5.3 Fig. 5.4 [3][3]
(b)(ii)Explain why dams and reservoirs are used in many countries to supply water. [5][5]
(c)For a named country you have studied, explain how energy is supplied. Name of country [7][7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2025). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] 80 (%)
[2] Line at 32 (%) (or at 90% if order is reversed) (1 mark)
[2] Correct shading and order (1 mark)
[3] Malawi has greater percentage in agriculture;
[3] UK has greater percentage in domestic/home;
[3] UK has greater percentage in industry;
[3] Largest % is agriculture in Malawi but industry in UK;
[3] Smallest % is industry in Malawi but agriculture in UK;
[4] Many people in Malawi unlikely to have/be able to afford taps in their homes/boreholes/wells/pipes;
[4] Lack of reservoirs;
[4] Water distribution network/water supply infrastructure/pipes does not cover the whole country/there are not many pipelines;
[4] Focusses on urban areas/does not invest as much in rural areas;
[4] Many parts of Malawi may suffer from drought/low rainfall/dry/arid/high evaporation/rivers dry up;
[4] Lack of technology/knowledge/education to supply/maintain water supply (or example);
[4] Lack of Government investment in water supply infrastructure/or example;
[4] Rivers/water contaminated (by litter/sewage etc.);
[4] Not many purification plants/desalination plants/treatment works;
[4] People have to travel a long way so can't carry large amounts;
[4] Lots of water is used for agriculture/irrigation;
[3] Fig. 5.2 they use the river to wash themselves/their clothes/pots/they use buckets to get water from the river/water is collected from a river/lake/water body.
[3] Fig. 5.3 water is delivered by tank/tanker/lorry/vehicle.
[3] Fig. 5.4 a well is being used to collect water from underground/by buckets.
[5] Water can be stored/held/retained/contained/water will not flow away/be lost from the area;
[5] They can ration the water;
[5] Water will be available whenever needed/during drought/at all times;
[5] Water can be transferred/pumped from the reservoir by pipelines (to homes/industry);
[5] Water can be cleaned/purified/treated with chemicals/filtered/free from sediment;
[5] Reservoirs can be part of multi-purpose schemes;
[5] E.g. HEP generated/fishing/tourism/reduction of flood risk;
[7] Content Guide: Methods are likely to include: Coal; Oil; Gas; Firewood/charcoal; Electricity – HEP, Nuclear power, Geothermal power; Grid/power lines/pipelines; Energy conservation methods etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details; Names of places within chosen country; Specific details of methods.