O-LevelGeographyThe natural environment2217/22 · May/June 2024 · Q48 Marks
Fig. 4.1 shows two different volcanoes, A and B.
- (a)Identify features X, Y and Z shown on Volcano A. X Y Z[3]
- (b)State what types of volcano A and B are. Volcano A Volcano B[2]
- (c)Explain why volcanoes such as A are considered more hazardous to human life than volcanoes such as B.[3]
This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [3] (a) X = crater Y = vent/pipe/conduit Z = magma chamber
- [2] (b) A stratovolcano/composite/cinder cone B shield volcano
- [3] (c) A - unpredictable/B – continuous eruption; A – violent/explosive (eruptions)/greater blast/materials ejected with greater pressure B - non-violent/gentle; A - ejects more/a lot of/heavy ash/or ejects ash which can cause respiratory problems/burial; A - lateral blasts; A – nuée ardente/cloud of gas and ash/incandescent clouds/poisonous or toxic or dangerous gases/pyroclastic flow/(difficult to outrun/escape); A - (the explosive nature melts snow and can) cause lahars or mudflows; A – ejects (volcanic/lava) bombs (which can kill people); A – steeper so landslides more likely; A - has parasitic or secondary cones which can erupt in different directions. Note: No need to compare both A and B. If not stated, assume candidate is talking about A.
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