O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · May/June 2018 · Q525 Marks

Answer one question from this section. (a) Study Fig. 5.1, which shows information about the relationship between two indicators of development.

(a)(i)Draw a best fit line on Fig. 5.1.[1]
(a)(ii)To what extent does Fig. 5.1 show that there is a relationship between GDP per person and the percentage of children who attend secondary school?[2]
(a)(iii)Explain why there is a relationship between GDP per person and the percentage of children who attend secondary school.[3]
(a)(iv)Another method of measuring development is to use the Human Development Index (HDI). Explain how the HDI measures the level of development of a country.[4]
(b)Study Fig. 5.2, which shows variation in the use of energy per person in the world.
(b)(i)Using Fig. 5.2 only, compare the use of energy per person in Africa and North America.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why there is variation in the amounts of energy used in different parts of the world.[5]
(c)For a named country you have studied, describe and explain the importance of different types of energy sources. Name of country[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Best fit line on Fig.5.1
[2] There is a positive relationship/as one increases the other increases/use four figures to illustrate; However it is not perfect/anomalies/use figures to illustrate anomalies; 2 @ 1 mark
[3] Ideas such as: (With a higher GDP) more money can be spent on education/can afford to send children to school; Education is compulsory in most countries with high GNP; So skills are learned/people more qualified Earn more money/People become more productive; As a country develops farming becomes less important so children can attend school; As a country develops there is better access to health services so children can attend school; Note: Accept reverse ideas 3 @ 1 mark
[4] Ideas such as: It is a composite index/combines different indicators; Life expectancy at birth; Expected/mean years of schooling; GDP/GNI; An overall score is calculated between 0 and 1; The higher the score the more developed they are; Etc. 4 @ 1 mark
[3] Ideas such: More (energy is used) in North America; More variation in Africa; Much of Africa is below 0.6/1 and North America is over 3/3.4 or 5/6 times more in North America; Etc. 3 @ 1 mark
[5] Less/more people live there/varying population size; Some countries have more energy resources; e.g. oil, coal etc.; Some countries/people can't afford energy/can't afford to develop energy supplies; Lack of technology; Energy/electricity supply is available throughout the country; Using more electronic devices/home appliances; Some countries are more industrialized/have more factories; Eg manufacturing industry is likely to use large amounts of energy; Some countries use more transport/have more cars; Eg car ownership is higher in MEDCs/more delivery by HGVs; Some countries use more energy travelling by plane/for leisure travel; Specified reference to impact of climate e.g. impact of air conditioning; etc. 5 @ 1 mark or development
[7] Levels marking Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe methods used to supply water. Level 2 (4-6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe methods used to supply water. Note: Do not accept statistics as a L2 for this question, as it does not describe the methods used and so is not a L2 statement. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific references such as statistics. Content Guide: Methods are likely to include: Fossil fuels Renewable energy Nuclear power etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details; Names of places within chosen country