O-LevelGeographyThe natural environment2217/13 · May/June 2017 · Q425 Marks

Study Fig. 6, which shows coastal landforms. [Fig. 6]

(a)(i)Which of the landforms shown in Fig. 6 is formed as a result of deposition by the sea? Choose from the landforms below and circle your answer. bay beach cliff stack[1]
(a)(ii)Describe two characteristics of a wave-cut platform.[2]
(a)(iii)Explain how a wave-cut platform is formed.[3]
(a)(iv)Suggest reasons why bays and headlands have formed along the coast shown in Fig. 6.[4]
(b)(i)Using Photographs E, F and G only, describe three different opportunities which these coastal areas provide for people. Photograph E ......................................................................................................................................................................... Photograph F ......................................................................................................................................................................... Photograph G .........................................................................................................................................................................[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why living on or close to a coast can be hazardous.[5]
(c)For an area you have studied, describe how coastal hazards are being managed. Name of area ................................................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Beach
[2] Characteristics such as; Solid rock / hard rock; Flat / gently sloping; but not perfectly smooth / contains rock pools / joints Located at base of cliff / under the cliff / front of cliff; May be (covered by) loose rocks / pebbles / seaweed / small rocks / shingle;
[3] Ideas such as: erosion (of cliffs); hydraulic action / abrasion / solution or description of process; wave cut notch formed; undercutting; collapse of overhang / cannot support weight; retreat of cliffs / leaves base at cliffs / headland retreats; smoothing by waves etc.
[4] Ideas such as: alternate bands of hard and soft rock along coasts with bays and headlands; hard rock resists erosion; hard rock forms headlands; soft rock easily eroded; soft rock form bays; differential erosion;
[3] Photograph E = Tourism Photograph F = Port / harbour / trade Photograph G = Fishing Can write a sentence to describe an opportunity from the photograph – for example, people can go on holiday or people are employed in hotels.
[5] Ideas such as: (coastal) erosion; which causes properties to collapse / be damaged; or results in loss of gardens / farmland; or damage to roads / paths / parking areas ; coastal flooding / rising sea levels; (tropical) storms / hurricanes / cyclones / typhoons; which damage port installations / boats; tsunami; rock falls / cliff collapse etc.
[7] Levels marking: Level 1 (1-3 marks): Statements including limited detail which describes how coastal hazards are being managed. Level 2 (4-6 marks): Uses named example. More developed statements describes how coastal hazards are being managed. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Hard and soft engineering methods of managing erosion e.g. groynes / sea walls / revetments / beach nourishment etc. Sea defences to manage flooding; Managed retreat; Provision of cyclone shelters Education re emergency evacuation procedures Planting of mangroves Vegetation on slopes Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details, named places along coast specific details of management strategies etc. Note: Example is not a country unless small such as Hawaii or Mauritius