(a) Study Photograph D (Insert), which shows an industry. (b) Study Fig. 10, which is information about copper mining and smelting (processing) in Zambia. Glencore, a transnational company which employs 50000 people in 30 countries, including Zambia, controls most of the world copper production. In the small mining town of Mufulira in Zambia people still struggle to live on a few dollars a day. This is not enough to feed their families and they cannot afford to buy medicines to treat those suffering from the effects of air and water pollution from the copper mines and smelters which give off sulfur dioxide. Acid used in the smelting process has contaminated drinking water supplies, clouds of sulfur make it difficult to breathe and acid rain kills crops and damages buildings. [Figure 10.0] (c) Another economic activity is tourism. For a named example of an area you have studied, explain why the physical and human landscapes attract tourists. Name of area

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Secondary
2. [2] Tall/high;
3. [2] Concrete/cement;
4. [2] Cylindrical/circular/tube like/round;
5. [2] Grey/beige/cream/light coloured;
6. [2] Close together/tightly packed;
7. [3] Government/local authorities want industries to locate in areas of high unemployment/to create employment/enterprise zones;
8. [3] Government incentives/grants available to locate in some areas;
9. [3] Rent free/rate free sites;
10. [3] Tax incentives;
11. [3] Easy/difficult to obtain planning permission from local authorities/protected land/not allowed to build/laws preventing industry near houses;
12. [3] Strict/lenient legislation about pollution in some areas;
13. [3] Strong trade unions discourage industrial development in some areas;
14. [3] Political instability/political conflict/wars discourage (or vice versa);
15. [3] Government investment in infrastructure;
16. [4] Road/rail transport (1) for transport of raw materials/goods (1);
17. [4] Proximity to ports/sea/coast (1) to import/export (1);
18. [4] Near river (1) for cooling/water to use in processes (1);
19. [4] Proximity to airports (1) for business travel abroad (1);
20. [4] Availability of resources/raw materials (1) to reduce transport costs/as bulky (1);
21. [4] Location of markets (1) to reduce transport costs (1);
22. [4] Labour supply (1) as processes will require workforce (1);
23. [4] Cost of land (1) as large area will be needed (1);
24. [4] Availability of electricity (1) to operate machinery (1) etc.;
25. [4] Flat land (1) factories easily constructed (1);
26. [4] Large areas of land (1) for construction/expansion (1);
27. [4] Cost of labour (1) as NICS are low cost (1);
28. [4] Agglomeration (1) for economies of scale (1);
29. [4] Near University (1) for skilled labour (1);
30. [4] In area which are not likely to flood (1) so factories will not be damaged/production halted (1)etc.
31. [3] Drinking water is contaminated;
32. [3] It is difficult to breathe;
33. [3] Crops are killed;
34. [3] Buildings are damaged
35. [5] Costs too much/solutions are expensive;
36. [5] Costs too much to treat people;
37. [5] Legislation would be too complex;
38. [5] Government are more concerned about development than the people;
39. [5] Government do not want to risk industry moving out of the country;
40. [5] Creates many jobs/causes unemployment;
41. [5] Wealth/money lost/makes money/it would reduce trade;
42. [5] Corruption is likely/government ministers may be receiving bribes from owners of industry;
43. [5] (negative) multiplier effect
44. [7] Scenic attractions
45. [7] Historical buildings
46. [7] Theme parks
47. [7] Cultural attractions
48. [7] Restaurants/bars/clubs
49. [7] Hotels/resorts
50. [7] Wildlife
51. [7] Vegetation