(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about the GNP per person and percentage of GNP from commercial farming in a number of countries. [Figure 8.0] (b) Study Fig. 9, which shows information about an impact of food shortages in two regions over four time periods. [Figure 9.0] (c) For a named farm or agricultural area you have studied, describe the farming system. Name of farm or agricultural area

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Dairy farming/market gardening/plantations/ranching/any named crop or animal.
2. [2] Relationship is negative/inverse/the higher the percentage GNP from commercial farming the lower the GNP per person (or reverse)
3. [2] statistics (no need for units) for GNP and percentage from commercial farming for two countries (i.e. 4 stats in total).
4. [3] Quality of soil for example poor soil will be used for grazing sheep good soils used to grow crops;
5. [3] Relief crops can be grown on flat land steeper areas may be used for grazing/pasture;
6. [3] Hours of sunshine crops will grow if there is enough sun for ripening;
7. [3] Temperature in cold areas it may only be possible to graze sheep; crops will not grow in cold areas; some crops need a tropical climate; warm temperatures for the growth of crops; mild climate for cattle;
8. [3] Precipitation large amount of rainfall is needed for rice growing;
9. [3] Aspect vines will be grown on south facing slopes;
10. [4] Overgrazing;
11. [4] Overcultivation/monoculture;
12. [4] Removal of/clearance of vegetation/deforestation/slash and burn;
13. [4] Soil is bare/not protected;
14. [4] It can be washed away by rain;
15. [4] It can be blown away by wind;
16. [4] Roots of vegetation no longer hold the soil together;
17. [4] Soil exhaustion/ nutrient content decreased;
18. [4] Tractors/cattle compacting the soil;
19. [4] Ploughing up and down hill;
20. [3] There is a greater percentage/higher in sub-Saharan Africa/more in sub Saharan Africa;
21. [3] Statistics to support above idea (e.g. X% sub-Saharan Africa but X% in southern Asia) Note: stats have to be for same year but year does not need to be identified;
22. [3] The percentage is decreasing more rapidly/consistently in sub- Saharan Africa;
23. [3] Statistics to support above idea etc.
24. [5] Emergency famine relief/food aid;
25. [5] Improve road/distribution network (for international aid);
26. [5] Use land for food crops for local people rather than export of crops/production of non-food crops;
27. [5] Provide irrigation;
28. [5] Government grants/(low interest) loans to farmers/loans to buy seeds/machinery etc./subsidise cost of;
29. [5] better quality seeds/HYVs/GM;
30. [5] fertilisers;
31. [5] herbicides/pesticides;
32. [5] (charities) send in experts to demonstrate/advise/work with farmers;
33. [5] educate farmers about crop rotation/use of fertilisers/contour ploughing;
34. [5] TNC/foreign investment to create jobs to people can buy food;
35. [5] Mechanisation/donation of machines from abroad;
36. [5] Better storage;
37. [5] Reduce corruption;
38. [5] Crop rotation/avoid monoculture;
39. [5] Anti-natalist policy/give free contraception etc.
40. [5] Greenhouses/glasshouses;
41. [5] Hydroponics;
42. [5] aeroponics
43. [7] Inputs - labour/seeds/soils/sunshine/rain etc.
44. [7] Processes - harvesting/sowing/ploughing etc.
45. [7] Outputs - meat/wool etc.