(a) Study Fig. 6, which shows a storm hydrograph. [Figure 6.0] (b) Study Fig. 7, which shows information about drainage basins in Oregon, USA (an MEDC). Drainage Basin Protection Sought Water agencies in Washington and Clackamas counties say they want more protection for their drainage basins from deforestation, especially the areas alongside rivers and close to watersheds. The Bull Run drainage basin is completely protected from deforestation, but in other areas west of the Cascade Mountains, especially around the Clackamas river and its tributaries, many areas of forest have been cleared. This has devastated the natural environment and even residents of distant urban areas further downstream are facing increased problems as a result of deforestation. [Figure 7.0] (c) Describe the opportunities of living near a named river you have studied. Name of river

1. (a)(i)River discharge is the amount of water flowing in a river. Tick the one formula in the table below which shows how river discharge is calculated. width x depth x speed of flow precipitation x volume of river speed of flow x amount of erosion groundwater flow × overland flow[1]
2. (a)(ii)Identify from Fig. 6: the maximum rainfall during 30 minutes; the time when the river was most likely to start flooding.[2]
3. (a)(iii)Explain why rivers sometimes continue to flood for many hours after the end of a period of heavy rain.[3]
4. (a)(iv)Explain why an increase in discharge of a river will influence the amount of erosion and transportation taking place.[4]
5. (b)(i)What is meant by the following terms: drainage basin; watershed; tributary?[3]
6. (b)(ii)Describe the problems for people and the natural environment in Oregon which may be caused by increased deforestation.[5]
7. (c)Describe the opportunities of living near a named river you have studied. Name of river[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.